BistaticRangeRate.java

  1. /* Copyright 2002-2022 CS GROUP
  2.  * Licensed to CS GROUP (CS) under one or more
  3.  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  4.  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  5.  * CS licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  6.  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  7.  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  8.  *
  9.  *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  10.  *
  11.  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  12.  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  13.  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  14.  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  15.  * limitations under the License.
  16.  */
  17. package org.orekit.estimation.measurements;

  19. import java.util.Arrays;
  20. import java.util.Collections;
  21. import java.util.HashMap;
  22. import java.util.Map;

  24. import org.hipparchus.analysis.differentiation.Gradient;
  25. import org.hipparchus.analysis.differentiation.GradientField;
  26. import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.FieldVector3D;
  27. import org.orekit.frames.FieldTransform;
  28. import org.orekit.propagation.SpacecraftState;
  29. import org.orekit.time.AbsoluteDate;
  30. import org.orekit.time.FieldAbsoluteDate;
  31. import org.orekit.utils.ParameterDriver;
  32. import org.orekit.utils.TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates;
  33. import org.orekit.utils.TimeStampedPVCoordinates;

  35. /** Class modeling a bistatic range rate measurement using
  36.  *  an emitter ground station and a receiver ground station.
  37.  * <p>
  38.  * The measurement is considered to be a signal:
  39.  * <ul>
  40.  * <li>Emitted from the emitter ground station</li>
  41.  * <li>Reflected on the spacecraft</li>
  42.  * <li>Received on the receiver ground station</li>
  43.  * </ul>
  44.  * The date of the measurement corresponds to the reception on ground of the reflected signal.
  45.  * The quantity measured at the receiver is the bistatic radial velocity as the sum of the radial
  46.  * velocities with respect to the two stations.
  47.  * <p>
  48.  * The motion of the stations and the spacecraft during the signal flight time are taken into account.
  49.  * </p><p>
  50.  * The Doppler measurement can be obtained by multiplying the velocity by (fe/c), where
  51.  * fe is the emission frequency.
  52.  * </p>
  53.  *
  54.  * @author Pascal Parraud
  55.  * @since 11.2
  56.  */
  57. public class BistaticRangeRate extends AbstractMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> {

  59.     /** Type of the measurement. */
  60.     public static final String MEASUREMENT_TYPE = "BistaticRangeRate";

  62.     /** Emitter ground station. */
  63.     private final GroundStation emitter;

  65.     /** Receiver ground station. */
  66.     private final GroundStation receiver;

  68.     /** Simple constructor.
  69.      * @param emitter emitter ground station
  70.      * @param receiver receiver ground station
  71.      * @param date date of the measurement
  72.      * @param rangeRate observed value, m/s
  73.      * @param sigma theoretical standard deviation
  74.      * @param baseWeight base weight
  75.      * @param satellite satellite related to this measurement
  76.      */
  77.     public BistaticRangeRate(final GroundStation emitter, final GroundStation receiver,
  78.                              final AbsoluteDate date, final double rangeRate, final double sigma,
  79.                              final double baseWeight, final ObservableSatellite satellite) {
  80.         super(date, rangeRate, sigma, baseWeight, Collections.singletonList(satellite));
  81.         // add parameter drivers for the emitter, clock offset is not used
  82.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getEastOffsetDriver());
  83.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getNorthOffsetDriver());
  84.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getZenithOffsetDriver());
  85.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getPrimeMeridianOffsetDriver());
  86.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getPrimeMeridianDriftDriver());
  87.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getPolarOffsetXDriver());
  88.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getPolarDriftXDriver());
  89.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getPolarOffsetYDriver());
  90.         addParameterDriver(emitter.getPolarDriftYDriver());
  91.         // add parameter drivers for the receiver
  92.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getClockOffsetDriver());
  93.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getEastOffsetDriver());
  94.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getNorthOffsetDriver());
  95.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getZenithOffsetDriver());
  96.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getPrimeMeridianOffsetDriver());
  97.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getPrimeMeridianDriftDriver());
  98.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getPolarOffsetXDriver());
  99.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getPolarDriftXDriver());
  100.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getPolarOffsetYDriver());
  101.         addParameterDriver(receiver.getPolarDriftYDriver());
  102.         this.emitter  = emitter;
  103.         this.receiver = receiver;
  104.     }

  106.     /** Get the emitter ground station.
  107.      * @return emitter ground station
  108.      */
  109.     public GroundStation getEmitterStation() {
  110.         return emitter;
  111.     }

  113.     /** Get the receiver ground station.
  114.      * @return receiver ground station
  115.      */
  116.     public GroundStation getReceiverStation() {
  117.         return receiver;
  118.     }

  120.     /** {@inheritDoc} */
  121.     @Override
  122.     protected EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> theoreticalEvaluation(final int iteration,
  123.                                                                             final int evaluation,
  124.                                                                             final SpacecraftState[] states) {

  126.         final SpacecraftState state = states[0];

  128.         // Bistatic range rate derivatives are computed with respect to:
  129.         // - Spacecraft state in inertial frame
  130.         // - Emitter station parameters
  131.         // - Receiver station parameters
  132.         // --------------------------
  133.         //  - 0..2 - Position of the spacecraft in inertial frame
  134.         //  - 3..5 - Velocity of the spacecraft in inertial frame
  135.         //  - 6..n - stations' parameters (stations' offsets, pole, prime meridian...)
  136.         int nbParams = 6;
  137.         final Map<String, Integer> indices = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
  138.         for (ParameterDriver driver : getParametersDrivers()) {
  139.             // we have to check for duplicate keys because emitter and receiver stations share
  140.             // pole and prime meridian parameters names that must be considered
  141.             // as one set only (they are combined together by the estimation engine)
  142.             if (driver.isSelected() && !indices.containsKey(driver.getName())) {
  143.                 indices.put(driver.getName(), nbParams++);
  144.             }
  145.         }
  146.         final FieldVector3D<Gradient> zero = FieldVector3D.getZero(GradientField.getField(nbParams));

  148.         // coordinates of the spacecraft as a gradient
  149.         final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> pvaG = getCoordinates(state, 0, nbParams);

  151.         // transform between receiver station frame and inertial frame
  152.         // at the real date of measurement, i.e. taking station clock offset into account
  153.         final FieldTransform<Gradient> receiverToInertial =
  154.                         receiver.getOffsetToInertial(state.getFrame(), getDate(), nbParams, indices);
  155.         final FieldAbsoluteDate<Gradient> measurementDateG = receiverToInertial.getFieldDate();

  157.         // Receiver PV in inertial frame at the end of the downlink leg
  158.         final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> receiverPV =
  159.                         receiverToInertial.transformPVCoordinates(new TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<>(measurementDateG,
  160.                                                                                                       zero, zero, zero));

  162.         // Compute propagation times
  163.         // (if state has already been set up to pre-compensate propagation delay,
  164.         //  we will have delta == tauD and transitState will be the same as state)

  166.         // Downlink delay
  167.         final Gradient tauD       = signalTimeOfFlight(pvaG, receiverPV.getPosition(), measurementDateG);
  168.         final Gradient delta      = measurementDateG.durationFrom(state.getDate());
  169.         final Gradient deltaMTauD = delta.subtract(tauD);

  171.         // Transit state
  172.         final SpacecraftState transitState = state.shiftedBy(deltaMTauD.getValue());

  174.         // Transit PV
  175.         final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> transitPV = pvaG.shiftedBy(deltaMTauD);

  177.         // Downlink range-rate
  178.         final EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> evalDownlink =
  179.                         oneWayTheoreticalEvaluation(iteration, evaluation, true,
  180.                                                     receiverPV, transitPV, transitState, indices);

  182.         // transform between emitter station frame and inertial frame at the transit date
  183.         // clock offset from receiver is already compensated
  184.         final FieldTransform<Gradient> emitterToInertial =
  185.                         emitter.getOffsetToInertial(state.getFrame(), transitPV.getDate(), nbParams, indices);

  187.         // emitter PV in inertial frame at the end of the uplink leg
  188.         final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> emitterPV =
  189.                         emitterToInertial.transformPVCoordinates(new TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<>(transitPV.getDate(),
  190.                                                                                                      zero, zero, zero));

  192.         // Uplink delay
  193.         final Gradient tauU = signalTimeOfFlight(emitterPV, transitPV.getPosition(), transitPV.getDate());

  195.         // emitter position in inertial frame at the end of the uplink leg
  196.         final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> emitterUplink = emitterPV.shiftedBy(tauU.negate());

  198.         // Uplink range-rate
  199.         final EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> evalUplink =
  200.                         oneWayTheoreticalEvaluation(iteration, evaluation, false,
  201.                                                     emitterUplink, transitPV, transitState, indices);

  203.         // combine uplink and downlink values
  204.         final EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> estimated =
  205.                         new EstimatedMeasurement<>(this, iteration, evaluation,
  206.                                                    evalDownlink.getStates(),
  207.                                                    new TimeStampedPVCoordinates[] {
  208.                                                        evalUplink.getParticipants()[0],
  209.                                                        evalDownlink.getParticipants()[0],
  210.                                                        evalDownlink.getParticipants()[1]
  211.                                                    });
  212.         estimated.setEstimatedValue(evalDownlink.getEstimatedValue()[0] + evalUplink.getEstimatedValue()[0]);

  214.         // combine uplink and downlink partial derivatives with respect to state
  215.         final double[][] sd1 = evalDownlink.getStateDerivatives(0);
  216.         final double[][] sd2 = evalUplink.getStateDerivatives(0);
  217.         final double[][] sd  = new double[sd1.length][sd1[0].length];
  218.         for (int i = 0; i < sd.length; ++i) {
  219.             for (int j = 0; j < sd[0].length; ++j) {
  220.                 sd[i][j] = sd1[i][j] + sd2[i][j];
  221.             }
  222.         }
  223.         estimated.setStateDerivatives(0, sd);

  225.         // combine uplink and downlink partial derivatives with respect to parameters
  226.         evalDownlink.getDerivativesDrivers().forEach(driver -> {
  227.             final double[] pd1 = evalDownlink.getParameterDerivatives(driver);
  228.             final double[] pd2 = evalUplink.getParameterDerivatives(driver);
  229.             final double[] pd  = new double[pd1.length];
  230.             for (int i = 0; i < pd.length; ++i) {
  231.                 pd[i] = pd1[i] + pd2[i];
  232.             }
  233.             estimated.setParameterDerivatives(driver, pd);
  234.         });

  236.         return estimated;

  238.     }


  241.     /** Evaluate range rate measurement in one-way.
  242.      * @param iteration iteration number
  243.      * @param evaluation evaluations counter
  244.      * @param downlink indicator for downlink leg
  245.      * @param stationPV station coordinates when signal is at station
  246.      * @param transitPV spacecraft coordinates at onboard signal transit
  247.      * @param transitState orbital state at onboard signal transit
  248.      * @param indices indices of the estimated parameters in derivatives computations
  249.      * @return theoretical value for the current leg
  250.      */
  251.     private EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> oneWayTheoreticalEvaluation(final int iteration, final int evaluation, final boolean downlink,
  252.                                                                                 final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> stationPV,
  253.                                                                                 final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> transitPV,
  254.                                                                                 final SpacecraftState transitState,
  255.                                                                                 final Map<String, Integer> indices) {

  257.         // prepare the evaluation
  258.         final EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate> estimated =
  259.             new EstimatedMeasurement<BistaticRangeRate>(this, iteration, evaluation,
  260.                                                         new SpacecraftState[] {
  261.                                                             transitState
  262.                                                         }, new TimeStampedPVCoordinates[] {
  263.                                                             (downlink ? transitPV : stationPV).toTimeStampedPVCoordinates(),
  264.                                                             (downlink ? stationPV : transitPV).toTimeStampedPVCoordinates()
  265.                                                         });

  267.         // range rate value
  268.         final FieldVector3D<Gradient> stationPosition  = stationPV.getPosition();
  269.         final FieldVector3D<Gradient> relativePosition = stationPosition.subtract(transitPV.getPosition());

  271.         final FieldVector3D<Gradient> stationVelocity  = stationPV.getVelocity();
  272.         final FieldVector3D<Gradient> relativeVelocity = stationVelocity.subtract(transitPV.getVelocity());

  274.         // radial direction
  275.         final FieldVector3D<Gradient> lineOfSight      = relativePosition.normalize();

  277.         // range rate
  278.         final Gradient rangeRate = FieldVector3D.dotProduct(relativeVelocity, lineOfSight);

  280.         estimated.setEstimatedValue(rangeRate.getValue());

  282.         // compute partial derivatives of (rr) with respect to spacecraft state Cartesian coordinates
  283.         final double[] derivatives = rangeRate.getGradient();
  284.         estimated.setStateDerivatives(0, Arrays.copyOfRange(derivatives, 0, 6));

  286.         // set partial derivatives with respect to parameters
  287.         for (final ParameterDriver driver : getParametersDrivers()) {
  288.             final Integer index = indices.get(driver.getName());
  289.             if (index != null) {
  290.                 estimated.setParameterDerivatives(driver, derivatives[index]);
  291.             }
  292.         }

  294.         return estimated;

  296.     }
  297. }
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