PVCoordinates.java

  1. /* Copyright 2002-2019 CS Systèmes d'Information
  2.  * Licensed to CS Systèmes d'Information (CS) under one or more
  3.  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  4.  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  5.  * CS licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  6.  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  7.  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  8.  *
  9.  *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  10.  *
  11.  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  12.  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  13.  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  14.  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  15.  * limitations under the License.
  16.  */
  17. package org.orekit.utils;

  19. import java.io.Serializable;

  21. import org.hipparchus.analysis.differentiation.DSFactory;
  22. import org.hipparchus.analysis.differentiation.DerivativeStructure;
  23. import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.FieldVector3D;
  24. import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.Vector3D;
  25. import org.hipparchus.util.FastMath;
  26. import org.orekit.errors.OrekitException;
  27. import org.orekit.errors.OrekitMessages;
  28. import org.orekit.time.TimeShiftable;

  30. /** Simple container for Position/Velocity/Acceleration triplets.
  31.  * <p>
  32.  * The state can be slightly shifted to close dates. This shift is based on
  33.  * a simple quadratic model. It is <em>not</em> intended as a replacement for
  34.  * proper orbit propagation (it is not even Keplerian!) but should be sufficient
  35.  * for either small time shifts or coarse accuracy.
  36.  * </p>
  37.  * <p>
  38.  * This class is the angular counterpart to {@link AngularCoordinates}.
  39.  * </p>
  40.  * <p>Instances of this class are guaranteed to be immutable.</p>
  41.  * @author Fabien Maussion
  42.  * @author Luc Maisonobe
  43.  */
  44. public class PVCoordinates implements TimeShiftable<PVCoordinates>, Serializable {

  46.     /** Fixed position/velocity at origin (both p, v and a are zero vectors). */
  47.     public static final PVCoordinates ZERO = new PVCoordinates(Vector3D.ZERO, Vector3D.ZERO, Vector3D.ZERO);

  49.     /** Serializable UID. */
  50.     private static final long serialVersionUID = 20140407L;

  52.     /** The position. */
  53.     private final Vector3D position;

  55.     /** The velocity. */
  56.     private final Vector3D velocity;

  58.     /** The acceleration. */
  59.     private final Vector3D acceleration;

  61.     /** Simple constructor.
  62.      * <p> Set the Coordinates to default : (0 0 0), (0 0 0), (0 0 0).</p>
  63.      */
  64.     public PVCoordinates() {
  65.         position     = Vector3D.ZERO;
  66.         velocity     = Vector3D.ZERO;
  67.         acceleration = Vector3D.ZERO;
  68.     }

  70.     /** Builds a PVCoordinates triplet with zero acceleration.
  71.      * <p>Acceleration is set to zero</p>
  72.      * @param position the position vector (m)
  73.      * @param velocity the velocity vector (m/s)
  74.      */
  75.     public PVCoordinates(final Vector3D position, final Vector3D velocity) {
  76.         this.position     = position;
  77.         this.velocity     = velocity;
  78.         this.acceleration = Vector3D.ZERO;
  79.     }

  81.     /** Builds a PVCoordinates triplet.
  82.      * @param position the position vector (m)
  83.      * @param velocity the velocity vector (m/s)
  84.      * @param acceleration the acceleration vector (m/s²)
  85.      */
  86.     public PVCoordinates(final Vector3D position, final Vector3D velocity, final Vector3D acceleration) {
  87.         this.position     = position;
  88.         this.velocity     = velocity;
  89.         this.acceleration = acceleration;
  90.     }

  92.     /** Multiplicative constructor.
  93.      * <p>Build a PVCoordinates from another one and a scale factor.</p>
  94.      * <p>The PVCoordinates built will be a * pv</p>
  95.      * @param a scale factor
  96.      * @param pv base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  97.      */
  98.     public PVCoordinates(final double a, final PVCoordinates pv) {
  99.         position     = new Vector3D(a, pv.position);
  100.         velocity     = new Vector3D(a, pv.velocity);
  101.         acceleration = new Vector3D(a, pv.acceleration);
  102.     }

  104.     /** Subtractive constructor.
  105.      * <p>Build a relative PVCoordinates from a start and an end position.</p>
  106.      * <p>The PVCoordinates built will be end - start.</p>
  107.      * @param start Starting PVCoordinates
  108.      * @param end ending PVCoordinates
  109.      */
  110.     public PVCoordinates(final PVCoordinates start, final PVCoordinates end) {
  111.         this.position     = end.position.subtract(start.position);
  112.         this.velocity     = end.velocity.subtract(start.velocity);
  113.         this.acceleration = end.acceleration.subtract(start.acceleration);
  114.     }

  116.     /** Linear constructor.
  117.      * <p>Build a PVCoordinates from two other ones and corresponding scale factors.</p>
  118.      * <p>The PVCoordinates built will be a1 * u1 + a2 * u2</p>
  119.      * @param a1 first scale factor
  120.      * @param pv1 first base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  121.      * @param a2 second scale factor
  122.      * @param pv2 second base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  123.      */
  124.     public PVCoordinates(final double a1, final PVCoordinates pv1,
  125.                          final double a2, final PVCoordinates pv2) {
  126.         position     = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.position,     a2, pv2.position);
  127.         velocity     = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.velocity,     a2, pv2.velocity);
  128.         acceleration = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.acceleration, a2, pv2.acceleration);
  129.     }

  131.     /** Linear constructor.
  132.      * <p>Build a PVCoordinates from three other ones and corresponding scale factors.</p>
  133.      * <p>The PVCoordinates built will be a1 * u1 + a2 * u2 + a3 * u3</p>
  134.      * @param a1 first scale factor
  135.      * @param pv1 first base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  136.      * @param a2 second scale factor
  137.      * @param pv2 second base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  138.      * @param a3 third scale factor
  139.      * @param pv3 third base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  140.      */
  141.     public PVCoordinates(final double a1, final PVCoordinates pv1,
  142.                          final double a2, final PVCoordinates pv2,
  143.                          final double a3, final PVCoordinates pv3) {
  144.         position     = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.position,     a2, pv2.position,     a3, pv3.position);
  145.         velocity     = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.velocity,     a2, pv2.velocity,     a3, pv3.velocity);
  146.         acceleration = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.acceleration, a2, pv2.acceleration, a3, pv3.acceleration);
  147.     }

  149.     /** Linear constructor.
  150.      * <p>Build a PVCoordinates from four other ones and corresponding scale factors.</p>
  151.      * <p>The PVCoordinates built will be a1 * u1 + a2 * u2 + a3 * u3 + a4 * u4</p>
  152.      * @param a1 first scale factor
  153.      * @param pv1 first base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  154.      * @param a2 second scale factor
  155.      * @param pv2 second base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  156.      * @param a3 third scale factor
  157.      * @param pv3 third base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  158.      * @param a4 fourth scale factor
  159.      * @param pv4 fourth base (unscaled) PVCoordinates
  160.      */
  161.     public PVCoordinates(final double a1, final PVCoordinates pv1,
  162.                          final double a2, final PVCoordinates pv2,
  163.                          final double a3, final PVCoordinates pv3,
  164.                          final double a4, final PVCoordinates pv4) {
  165.         position     = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.position,     a2, pv2.position,
  166.                                     a3, pv3.position,     a4, pv4.position);
  167.         velocity     = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.velocity,     a2, pv2.velocity,
  168.                                     a3, pv3.velocity,     a4, pv4.velocity);
  169.         acceleration = new Vector3D(a1, pv1.acceleration, a2, pv2.acceleration,
  170.                                     a3, pv3.acceleration, a4, pv4.acceleration);
  171.     }

  173.     /** Builds a PVCoordinates triplet from  a {@link FieldVector3D}&lt;{@link DerivativeStructure}&gt;.
  174.      * <p>
  175.      * The vector components must have time as their only derivation parameter and
  176.      * have consistent derivation orders.
  177.      * </p>
  178.      * @param p vector with time-derivatives embedded within the coordinates
  179.      */
  180.     public PVCoordinates(final FieldVector3D<DerivativeStructure> p) {
  181.         position = new Vector3D(p.getX().getReal(), p.getY().getReal(), p.getZ().getReal());
  182.         if (p.getX().getOrder() >= 1) {
  183.             velocity = new Vector3D(p.getX().getPartialDerivative(1),
  184.                                     p.getY().getPartialDerivative(1),
  185.                                     p.getZ().getPartialDerivative(1));
  186.             if (p.getX().getOrder() >= 2) {
  187.                 acceleration = new Vector3D(p.getX().getPartialDerivative(2),
  188.                                             p.getY().getPartialDerivative(2),
  189.                                             p.getZ().getPartialDerivative(2));
  190.             } else {
  191.                 acceleration = Vector3D.ZERO;
  192.             }
  193.         } else {
  194.             velocity     = Vector3D.ZERO;
  195.             acceleration = Vector3D.ZERO;
  196.         }
  197.     }

  199.     /** Transform the instance to a {@link FieldVector3D}&lt;{@link DerivativeStructure}&gt;.
  200.      * <p>
  201.      * The {@link DerivativeStructure} coordinates correspond to time-derivatives up
  202.      * to the user-specified order.
  203.      * </p>
  204.      * @param order derivation order for the vector components (must be either 0, 1 or 2)
  205.      * @return vector with time-derivatives embedded within the coordinates
  206.      */
  207.     public FieldVector3D<DerivativeStructure> toDerivativeStructureVector(final int order) {

  209.         final DSFactory factory;
  210.         final DerivativeStructure x;
  211.         final DerivativeStructure y;
  212.         final DerivativeStructure z;
  213.         switch(order) {
  214.             case 0 :
  215.                 factory = new DSFactory(1, order);
  216.                 x = factory.build(position.getX());
  217.                 y = factory.build(position.getY());
  218.                 z = factory.build(position.getZ());
  219.                 break;
  220.             case 1 :
  221.                 factory = new DSFactory(1, order);
  222.                 x = factory.build(position.getX(), velocity.getX());
  223.                 y = factory.build(position.getY(), velocity.getY());
  224.                 z = factory.build(position.getZ(), velocity.getZ());
  225.                 break;
  226.             case 2 :
  227.                 factory = new DSFactory(1, order);
  228.                 x = factory.build(position.getX(), velocity.getX(), acceleration.getX());
  229.                 y = factory.build(position.getY(), velocity.getY(), acceleration.getY());
  230.                 z = factory.build(position.getZ(), velocity.getZ(), acceleration.getZ());
  231.                 break;
  232.             default :
  233.                 throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.OUT_OF_RANGE_DERIVATION_ORDER, order);
  234.         }

  236.         return new FieldVector3D<>(x, y, z);

  238.     }

  240.     /** Transform the instance to a {@link FieldPVCoordinates}&lt;{@link DerivativeStructure}&gt;.
  241.      * <p>
  242.      * The {@link DerivativeStructure} coordinates correspond to time-derivatives up
  243.      * to the user-specified order. As both the instance components {@link #getPosition() position},
  244.      * {@link #getVelocity() velocity} and {@link #getAcceleration() acceleration} and the
  245.      * {@link DerivativeStructure#getPartialDerivative(int...) derivatives} of the components
  246.      * holds time-derivatives, there are several ways to retrieve these derivatives. If for example
  247.      * the {@code order} is set to 2, then both {@code pv.getPosition().getX().getPartialDerivative(2)},
  248.      * {@code pv.getVelocity().getX().getPartialDerivative(1)} and
  249.      * {@code pv.getAcceleration().getX().getValue()} return the exact same value.
  250.      * </p>
  251.      * <p>
  252.      * If derivation order is 1, the first derivative of acceleration will be computed as a
  253.      * Keplerian-only jerk. If derivation order is 2, the second derivative of velocity (which
  254.      * is also the first derivative of acceleration) will be computed as a Keplerian-only jerk,
  255.      * and the second derivative of acceleration will be computed as a Keplerian-only jounce.
  256.      * </p>
  257.      * @param order derivation order for the vector components (must be either 0, 1 or 2)
  258.      * @return pv coordinates with time-derivatives embedded within the coordinates
  259.           * @since 9.2
  260.      */
  261.     public FieldPVCoordinates<DerivativeStructure> toDerivativeStructurePV(final int order) {

  263.         final DSFactory factory;
  264.         final DerivativeStructure x0;
  265.         final DerivativeStructure y0;
  266.         final DerivativeStructure z0;
  267.         final DerivativeStructure x1;
  268.         final DerivativeStructure y1;
  269.         final DerivativeStructure z1;
  270.         final DerivativeStructure x2;
  271.         final DerivativeStructure y2;
  272.         final DerivativeStructure z2;
  273.         switch(order) {
  274.             case 0 :
  275.                 factory = new DSFactory(1, order);
  276.                 x0 = factory.build(position.getX());
  277.                 y0 = factory.build(position.getY());
  278.                 z0 = factory.build(position.getZ());
  279.                 x1 = factory.build(velocity.getX());
  280.                 y1 = factory.build(velocity.getY());
  281.                 z1 = factory.build(velocity.getZ());
  282.                 x2 = factory.build(acceleration.getX());
  283.                 y2 = factory.build(acceleration.getY());
  284.                 z2 = factory.build(acceleration.getZ());
  285.                 break;
  286.             case 1 : {
  287.                 factory = new DSFactory(1, order);
  288.                 final double   r2            = position.getNormSq();
  289.                 final double   r             = FastMath.sqrt(r2);
  290.                 final double   pvOr2         = Vector3D.dotProduct(position, velocity) / r2;
  291.                 final double   a             = acceleration.getNorm();
  292.                 final double   aOr           = a / r;
  293.                 final Vector3D keplerianJerk = new Vector3D(-3 * pvOr2, acceleration, -aOr, velocity);
  294.                 x0 = factory.build(position.getX(),     velocity.getX());
  295.                 y0 = factory.build(position.getY(),     velocity.getY());
  296.                 z0 = factory.build(position.getZ(),     velocity.getZ());
  297.                 x1 = factory.build(velocity.getX(),     acceleration.getX());
  298.                 y1 = factory.build(velocity.getY(),     acceleration.getY());
  299.                 z1 = factory.build(velocity.getZ(),     acceleration.getZ());
  300.                 x2 = factory.build(acceleration.getX(), keplerianJerk.getX());
  301.                 y2 = factory.build(acceleration.getY(), keplerianJerk.getY());
  302.                 z2 = factory.build(acceleration.getZ(), keplerianJerk.getZ());
  303.                 break;
  304.             }
  305.             case 2 : {
  306.                 factory = new DSFactory(1, order);
  307.                 final double   r2              = position.getNormSq();
  308.                 final double   r               = FastMath.sqrt(r2);
  309.                 final double   pvOr2           = Vector3D.dotProduct(position, velocity) / r2;
  310.                 final double   a               = acceleration.getNorm();
  311.                 final double   aOr             = a / r;
  312.                 final Vector3D keplerianJerk   = new Vector3D(-3 * pvOr2, acceleration, -aOr, velocity);
  313.                 final double   v2              = velocity.getNormSq();
  314.                 final double   pa              = Vector3D.dotProduct(position, acceleration);
  315.                 final double   aj              = Vector3D.dotProduct(acceleration, keplerianJerk);
  316.                 final Vector3D keplerianJounce = new Vector3D(-3 * (v2 + pa) / r2 + 15 * pvOr2 * pvOr2 - aOr, acceleration,
  317.                                                               4 * aOr * pvOr2 - aj / (a * r), velocity);
  318.                 x0 = factory.build(position.getX(),     velocity.getX(),      acceleration.getX());
  319.                 y0 = factory.build(position.getY(),     velocity.getY(),      acceleration.getY());
  320.                 z0 = factory.build(position.getZ(),     velocity.getZ(),      acceleration.getZ());
  321.                 x1 = factory.build(velocity.getX(),     acceleration.getX(),  keplerianJerk.getX());
  322.                 y1 = factory.build(velocity.getY(),     acceleration.getY(),  keplerianJerk.getY());
  323.                 z1 = factory.build(velocity.getZ(),     acceleration.getZ(),  keplerianJerk.getZ());
  324.                 x2 = factory.build(acceleration.getX(), keplerianJerk.getX(), keplerianJounce.getX());
  325.                 y2 = factory.build(acceleration.getY(), keplerianJerk.getY(), keplerianJounce.getY());
  326.                 z2 = factory.build(acceleration.getZ(), keplerianJerk.getZ(), keplerianJounce.getZ());
  327.                 break;
  328.             }
  329.             default :
  330.                 throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.OUT_OF_RANGE_DERIVATION_ORDER, order);
  331.         }

  333.         return new FieldPVCoordinates<>(new FieldVector3D<>(x0, y0, z0),
  334.                                         new FieldVector3D<>(x1, y1, z1),
  335.                                         new FieldVector3D<>(x2, y2, z2));

  337.     }

  339.     /** Estimate velocity between two positions.
  340.      * <p>Estimation is based on a simple fixed velocity translation
  341.      * during the time interval between the two positions.</p>
  342.      * @param start start position
  343.      * @param end end position
  344.      * @param dt time elapsed between the dates of the two positions
  345.      * @return velocity allowing to go from start to end positions
  346.      */
  347.     public static Vector3D estimateVelocity(final Vector3D start, final Vector3D end, final double dt) {
  348.         final double scale = 1.0 / dt;
  349.         return new Vector3D(scale, end, -scale, start);
  350.     }

  352.     /** Get a time-shifted state.
  353.      * <p>
  354.      * The state can be slightly shifted to close dates. This shift is based on
  355.      * a simple Taylor expansion. It is <em>not</em> intended as a replacement for
  356.      * proper orbit propagation (it is not even Keplerian!) but should be sufficient
  357.      * for either small time shifts or coarse accuracy.
  358.      * </p>
  359.      * @param dt time shift in seconds
  360.      * @return a new state, shifted with respect to the instance (which is immutable)
  361.      */
  362.     public PVCoordinates shiftedBy(final double dt) {
  363.         return new PVCoordinates(new Vector3D(1, position, dt, velocity, 0.5 * dt * dt, acceleration),
  364.                                  new Vector3D(1, velocity, dt, acceleration),
  365.                                  acceleration);
  366.     }

  368.     /** Gets the position.
  369.      * @return the position vector (m).
  370.      */
  371.     public Vector3D getPosition() {
  372.         return position;
  373.     }

  375.     /** Gets the velocity.
  376.      * @return the velocity vector (m/s).
  377.      */
  378.     public Vector3D getVelocity() {
  379.         return velocity;
  380.     }

  382.     /** Gets the acceleration.
  383.      * @return the acceleration vector (m/s²).
  384.      */
  385.     public Vector3D getAcceleration() {
  386.         return acceleration;
  387.     }

  389.     /** Gets the momentum.
  390.      * <p>This vector is the p &otimes; v where p is position, v is velocity
  391.      * and &otimes; is cross product. To get the real physical angular momentum
  392.      * you need to multiply this vector by the mass.</p>
  393.      * <p>The returned vector is recomputed each time this method is called, it
  394.      * is not cached.</p>
  395.      * @return a new instance of the momentum vector (m²/s).
  396.      */
  397.     public Vector3D getMomentum() {
  398.         return Vector3D.crossProduct(position, velocity);
  399.     }

  401.     /**
  402.      * Get the angular velocity (spin) of this point as seen from the origin.
  403.      *
  404.      * <p> The angular velocity vector is parallel to the {@link #getMomentum()
  405.      * angular momentum} and is computed by ω = p &times; v / ||p||²
  406.      *
  407.      * @return the angular velocity vector
  408.      * @see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity">Angular Velocity on
  409.      *      Wikipedia</a>
  410.      */
  411.     public Vector3D getAngularVelocity() {
  412.         return this.getMomentum().scalarMultiply(1.0 / this.getPosition().getNormSq());
  413.     }

  415.     /** Get the opposite of the instance.
  416.      * @return a new position-velocity which is opposite to the instance
  417.      */
  418.     public PVCoordinates negate() {
  419.         return new PVCoordinates(position.negate(), velocity.negate(), acceleration.negate());
  420.     }

  422.     /** Normalize the position part of the instance.
  423.      * <p>
  424.      * The computed coordinates first component (position) will be a
  425.      * normalized vector, the second component (velocity) will be the
  426.      * derivative of the first component (hence it will generally not
  427.      * be normalized), and the third component (acceleration) will be the
  428.      * derivative of the second component (hence it will generally not
  429.      * be normalized).
  430.      * </p>
  431.      * @return a new instance, with first component normalized and
  432.      * remaining component computed to have consistent derivatives
  433.      */
  434.     public PVCoordinates normalize() {
  435.         final double   inv     = 1.0 / position.getNorm();
  436.         final Vector3D u       = new Vector3D(inv, position);
  437.         final Vector3D v       = new Vector3D(inv, velocity);
  438.         final Vector3D w       = new Vector3D(inv, acceleration);
  439.         final double   uv      = Vector3D.dotProduct(u, v);
  440.         final double   v2      = Vector3D.dotProduct(v, v);
  441.         final double   uw      = Vector3D.dotProduct(u, w);
  442.         final Vector3D uDot    = new Vector3D(1, v, -uv, u);
  443.         final Vector3D uDotDot = new Vector3D(1, w, -2 * uv, v, 3 * uv * uv - v2 - uw, u);
  444.         return new PVCoordinates(u, uDot, uDotDot);
  445.     }

  447.     /** Compute the cross-product of two instances.
  448.      * @param pv1 first instances
  449.      * @param pv2 second instances
  450.      * @return the cross product v1 ^ v2 as a new instance
  451.      */
  452.     public static PVCoordinates crossProduct(final PVCoordinates pv1, final PVCoordinates pv2) {
  453.         final Vector3D p1 = pv1.position;
  454.         final Vector3D v1 = pv1.velocity;
  455.         final Vector3D a1 = pv1.acceleration;
  456.         final Vector3D p2 = pv2.position;
  457.         final Vector3D v2 = pv2.velocity;
  458.         final Vector3D a2 = pv2.acceleration;
  459.         return new PVCoordinates(Vector3D.crossProduct(p1, p2),
  460.                                  new Vector3D(1, Vector3D.crossProduct(p1, v2),
  461.                                               1, Vector3D.crossProduct(v1, p2)),
  462.                                  new Vector3D(1, Vector3D.crossProduct(p1, a2),
  463.                                               2, Vector3D.crossProduct(v1, v2),
  464.                                               1, Vector3D.crossProduct(a1, p2)));
  465.     }

  467.     /** Return a string representation of this position/velocity pair.
  468.      * @return string representation of this position/velocity pair
  469.      */
  470.     public String toString() {
  471.         final String comma = ", ";
  472.         return new StringBuffer().append('{').append("P(").
  473.                 append(position.getX()).append(comma).
  474.                 append(position.getY()).append(comma).
  475.                 append(position.getZ()).append("), V(").
  476.                 append(velocity.getX()).append(comma).
  477.                 append(velocity.getY()).append(comma).
  478.                 append(velocity.getZ()).append("), A(").
  479.                 append(acceleration.getX()).append(comma).
  480.                 append(acceleration.getY()).append(comma).
  481.                 append(acceleration.getZ()).append(")}").toString();
  482.     }

  484.     /** Replace the instance with a data transfer object for serialization.
  485.      * @return data transfer object that will be serialized
  486.      */
  487.     private Object writeReplace() {
  488.         return new DTO(this);
  489.     }

  491.     /** Internal class used only for serialization. */
  492.     private static class DTO implements Serializable {

  494.         /** Serializable UID. */
  495.         private static final long serialVersionUID = 20140723L;

  497.         /** Double values. */
  498.         private double[] d;

  500.         /** Simple constructor.
  501.          * @param pv instance to serialize
  502.          */
  503.         private DTO(final PVCoordinates pv) {
  504.             this.d = new double[] {
  505.                 pv.getPosition().getX(),     pv.getPosition().getY(),     pv.getPosition().getZ(),
  506.                 pv.getVelocity().getX(),     pv.getVelocity().getY(),     pv.getVelocity().getZ(),
  507.                 pv.getAcceleration().getX(), pv.getAcceleration().getY(), pv.getAcceleration().getZ(),
  508.             };
  509.         }

  511.         /** Replace the deserialized data transfer object with a {@link PVCoordinates}.
  512.          * @return replacement {@link PVCoordinates}
  513.          */
  514.         private Object readResolve() {
  515.             return new PVCoordinates(new Vector3D(d[0], d[1], d[2]),
  516.                                      new Vector3D(d[3], d[4], d[5]),
  517.                                      new Vector3D(d[6], d[7], d[8]));
  518.         }

  520.     }

  522. }
Created with JaCoCo 0.8.2.201808211720