/* Copyright 2002-2022 CS GROUP
    * Licensed to CS GROUP (CS) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * CS licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.orekit.gnss.metric.ntrip;
  
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  import java.net.Authenticator;
  import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
  import java.net.InetAddress;
  import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  import java.net.Proxy;
  import java.net.Proxy.Type;
  import java.net.SocketAddress;
  import java.net.URL;
  import java.net.URLConnection;
  import java.net.UnknownHostException;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Formatter;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
  import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
  
  import org.hipparchus.util.FastMath;
  import org.orekit.errors.OrekitException;
  import org.orekit.errors.OrekitMessages;
  import org.orekit.gnss.metric.messages.ParsedMessage;
  
  /** Source table for ntrip streams retrieval.
   * <p>
   * Note that all authentication is performed automatically by just
   * calling the standard {@link Authenticator#setDefault(Authenticator)}
   * method to set up an authenticator.
   * </p>
   * @author Luc Maisonobe
   * @since 11.0
   */
  public class NtripClient {
  
      /** Default timeout for connections and reads (ms). */
      public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10000;
  
      /** Default port for ntrip communication. */
      public static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 2101;
  
      /** Default delay before we reconnect after connection close (s). */
      public static final double DEFAULT_RECONNECT_DELAY = 1.0;
  
      /** Default factor by which reconnection delay is multiplied after each attempt. */
      public static final double DEFAULT_RECONNECT_DELAY_FACTOR = 1.5;
  
      /** Default maximum number of reconnect a attempts without readin any data. */
      public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RECONNECT = 20;
  
      /** Host header. */
      private static final String HOST_HEADER_KEY = "Host";
  
      /** User-agent header key. */
      private static final String USER_AGENT_HEADER_KEY = "User-Agent";
  
      /** User-agent header value. */
      private static final String USER_AGENT_HEADER_VALUE = "NTRIP orekit/11.0";
  
      /** Version header key. */
      private static final String VERSION_HEADER_KEY = "Ntrip-Version";
  
      /** Version header value. */
      private static final String VERSION_HEADER_VALUE = "Ntrip/2.0";
  
      /** Connection header key. */
      private static final String CONNECTION_HEADER_KEY = "Connection";
  
      /** Connection header value. */
      private static final String CONNECTION_HEADER_VALUE = "close";
  
      /** Flags header key. */
      private static final String FLAGS_HEADER_KEY = "Ntrip-Flags";
  
     /** Content type for source table. */
     private static final String SOURCETABLE_CONTENT_TYPE = "gnss/sourcetable";
 
     /** Degrees to arc minutes conversion factor. */
     private static final double DEG_TO_MINUTES = 60.0;
 
     /** Caster host. */
     private final String host;
 
     /** Caster port. */
     private final int port;
 
     /** Delay before we reconnect after connection close. */
     private double reconnectDelay;
 
     /** Multiplication factor for reconnection delay. */
     private double reconnectDelayFactor;
 
     /** Max number of reconnections. */
     private int maxRetries;
 
     /** Timeout for connections and reads. */
     private int timeout;
 
     /** Proxy to use. */
     private Proxy proxy;
 
     /** NMEA GGA sentence (may be null). */
     private AtomicReference<String> gga;
 
     /** Observers for encoded messages. */
     private final List<ObserverHolder> observers;
 
     /** Monitors for data streams. */
     private final Map<String, StreamMonitor> monitors;
 
     /** Source table. */
     private SourceTable sourceTable;
 
     /** Executor for stream monitoring tasks. */
     private ExecutorService executorService;
 
     /** Build a client for NTRIP.
      * <p>
      * The default configuration uses default timeout, default reconnection
      * parameters, no GPS fix and no proxy.
      * </p>
      * @param host caster host providing the source table
      * @param port port to use for connection
      * see {@link #DEFAULT_PORT}
      */
     public NtripClient(final String host, final int port) {
         this.host         = host;
         this.port         = port;
         this.observers    = new ArrayList<>();
         this.monitors     = new HashMap<>();
         setTimeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         setReconnectParameters(DEFAULT_RECONNECT_DELAY,
                                DEFAULT_RECONNECT_DELAY_FACTOR,
                                DEFAULT_MAX_RECONNECT);
         setProxy(Type.DIRECT, null, -1);
         this.gga             = new AtomicReference<String>(null);
         this.sourceTable     = null;
         this.executorService = null;
     }
 
     /** Get the caster host.
      * @return caster host
      */
     public String getHost() {
         return host;
     }
 
     /** Get the port to use for connection.
      * @return port to use for connection
      */
     public int getPort() {
         return port;
     }
 
     /** Set timeout for connections and reads.
      * @param timeout timeout for connections and reads (ms)
      */
     public void setTimeout(final int timeout) {
         this.timeout = timeout;
     }
 
     /** Set Reconnect parameters.
      * @param delay delay before we reconnect after connection close
      * @param delayFactor factor by which reconnection delay is multiplied after each attempt
      * @param max max number of reconnect a attempts without reading any data
      */
     public void setReconnectParameters(final double delay,
                                        final double delayFactor,
                                        final int max) {
         this.reconnectDelay       = delay;
         this.reconnectDelayFactor = delayFactor;
         this.maxRetries           = max;
     }
 
     /** Set proxy parameters.
      * @param type proxy type
      * @param proxyHost host name of the proxy (ignored if {@code type} is {@code Proxy.Type.DIRECT})
      * @param proxyPort port number of the proxy (ignored if {@code type} is {@code Proxy.Type.DIRECT})
      */
     public void setProxy(final Proxy.Type type, final String proxyHost, final int proxyPort) {
         try {
             if (type == Proxy.Type.DIRECT) {
                 // disable proxy
                 proxy = Proxy.NO_PROXY;
             } else {
                 // enable proxy
                 final InetAddress   hostAddress  = InetAddress.getByName(proxyHost);
                 final SocketAddress proxyAddress = new InetSocketAddress(hostAddress, proxyPort);
                 proxy = new Proxy(type, proxyAddress);
             }
         } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
             throw new OrekitException(uhe, OrekitMessages.UNKNOWN_HOST, proxyHost);
         }
     }
 
     /** Get proxy.
      * @return proxy to use
      */
     public Proxy getProxy() {
         return proxy;
     }
 
     /** Set GPS fix data to send as NMEA sentence to Ntrip caster if required.
      * @param hour hour of the fix (UTC time)
      * @param minute minute of the fix (UTC time)
      * @param second second of the fix (UTC time)
      * @param latitude latitude (radians)
      * @param longitude longitude (radians)
      * @param ellAltitude altitude above ellipsoid (m)
      * @param undulation height of the geoid above ellipsoid (m)
      */
     public void setFix(final int hour, final int minute, final double second,
                        final double latitude, final double longitude, final double ellAltitude,
                        final double undulation) {
 
         // convert latitude
         final double latDeg = FastMath.abs(FastMath.toDegrees(latitude));
         final int    dLat   = (int) FastMath.floor(latDeg);
         final double mLat   = DEG_TO_MINUTES * (latDeg - dLat);
         final char   cLat   = latitude >= 0.0 ? 'N' : 'S';
 
         // convert longitude
         final double lonDeg = FastMath.abs(FastMath.toDegrees(longitude));
         final int    dLon   = (int) FastMath.floor(lonDeg);
         final double mLon   = DEG_TO_MINUTES * (lonDeg - dLon);
         final char   cLon   = longitude >= 0.0 ? 'E' : 'W';
 
         // build NMEA GGA sentence
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(82);
         try (Formatter formatter = new Formatter(builder, Locale.US)) {
 
             // dummy values
             final int    fixQuality = 1;
             final int    nbSat      = 4;
             final double hdop       = 1.0;
 
             // sentence body
             formatter.format("$GPGGA,%02d%02d%06.3f,%02d%07.4f,%c,%02d%07.4f,%c,%1d,%02d,%3.1f,%.1f,M,%.1f,M,,",
                              hour, minute, second,
                              dLat, mLat, cLat, dLon, mLon, cLon,
                              fixQuality, nbSat, hdop,
                              ellAltitude, undulation);
 
             // checksum
             byte sum = 0;
             for (int i = 1; i < builder.length(); ++i) {
                 sum ^= builder.charAt(i);
             }
             formatter.format("*%02X", sum);
 
         }
         gga.set(builder.toString());
 
     }
 
     /** Get NMEA GGA sentence.
      * @return NMEA GGA sentence (may be null)
      */
     String getGGA() {
         return gga.get();
     }
 
     /** Add an observer for an encoded messages.
      * <p>
      * If messages of the specified type have already been retrieved from
      * a stream, the observer will be immediately notified with the last
      * message from each mount point (in unspecified order) as a side effect
      * of being added.
      * </p>
      * @param typeCode code for the message type (if set to 0, notification
      * will be triggered regardless of message type)
      * @param mountPoint mountPoint from which data must come (if null, notification
      * will be triggered regardless of mount point)
      * @param observer observer for this message type
      */
     public void addObserver(final int typeCode, final String mountPoint,
                             final MessageObserver observer) {
 
         // store the observer for future monitored mount points
         observers.add(new ObserverHolder(typeCode, mountPoint, observer));
 
         // check if we should also add it to already monitored mount points
         for (Map.Entry<String, StreamMonitor> entry : monitors.entrySet()) {
             if (mountPoint == null || mountPoint.equals(entry.getKey())) {
                 entry.getValue().addObserver(typeCode, observer);
             }
         }
 
     }
 
     /** Get a sourcetable.
      * @return source table from the caster
      */
     public SourceTable getSourceTable() {
         if (sourceTable == null) {
             try {
 
                 // perform request
                 final HttpURLConnection connection = connect("");
 
                 final int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                 if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED) {
                     throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.FAILED_AUTHENTICATION, "caster");
                 } else if (responseCode != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                     throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.CONNECTION_ERROR, host, connection.getResponseMessage());
                 }
 
                 // for this request, we MUST get a source table
                 if (!SOURCETABLE_CONTENT_TYPE.equals(connection.getContentType())) {
                     throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.UNEXPECTED_CONTENT_TYPE, connection.getContentType());
                 }
 
                 final SourceTable table = new SourceTable(getHeaderValue(connection, FLAGS_HEADER_KEY));
 
                 // parse source table records
                 try (InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                      InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)) {
                     int lineNumber = 0;
                     for (String line = br.readLine(); line != null; line = br.readLine()) {
 
                         ++lineNumber;
                         line = line.trim();
                         if (line.length() == 0) {
                             continue;
                         }
 
                         if (line.startsWith(RecordType.CAS.toString())) {
                             table.addCasterRecord(new CasterRecord(line));
                         } else if (line.startsWith(RecordType.NET.toString())) {
                             table.addNetworkRecord(new NetworkRecord(line));
                         } else if (line.startsWith(RecordType.STR.toString())) {
                             table.addDataStreamRecord(new DataStreamRecord(line));
                         } else if (line.startsWith("ENDSOURCETABLE")) {
                             // we have reached end of table
                             break;
                         } else {
                             throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.SOURCETABLE_PARSE_ERROR,
                                                       connection.getURL().getHost(), lineNumber, line);
                         }
 
                     }
                 }
 
                 sourceTable = table;
                 return table;
 
             } catch (IOException ioe) {
                 throw new OrekitException(ioe, OrekitMessages.CANNOT_PARSE_SOURCETABLE, host);
             }
         }
 
         return sourceTable;
 
     }
 
     /** Connect to a mount point and start streaming data from it.
      * <p>
      * This method sets up an internal dedicated thread for continuously
      * monitoring data incoming from a mount point. When new complete
      * {@link ParsedMessage parsed messages} becomes available, the
      * {@link MessageObserver observers} that have been registered
      * using {@link #addObserver(int, String, MessageObserver) addObserver()}
      * method will be notified about the message.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method must be called once for each stream to monitor.
      * </p>
      * @param mountPoint mount point providing the stream
      * @param type messages type of the mount point
      * @param requiresNMEA if true, the mount point requires a NMEA GGA sentence in the request
      * @param ignoreUnknownMessageTypes if true, unknown messages types are silently ignored
      */
     public void startStreaming(final String mountPoint, final org.orekit.gnss.metric.ntrip.Type type,
                                final boolean requiresNMEA, final boolean ignoreUnknownMessageTypes) {
 
         if (executorService == null) {
             // lazy creation of executor service, with one thread for each possible data stream
             executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(getSourceTable().getDataStreams().size());
         }
 
         // safety check
         if (monitors.containsKey(mountPoint)) {
             throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.MOUNPOINT_ALREADY_CONNECTED, mountPoint);
         }
 
         // create the monitor
         final StreamMonitor monitor = new StreamMonitor(this, mountPoint, type, requiresNMEA, ignoreUnknownMessageTypes,
                                                         reconnectDelay, reconnectDelayFactor, maxRetries);
         monitors.put(mountPoint, monitor);
 
         // set up the already known observers
         for (final ObserverHolder observerHolder : observers) {
             if (observerHolder.mountPoint == null ||
                 observerHolder.mountPoint.equals(mountPoint)) {
                 monitor.addObserver(observerHolder.typeCode, observerHolder.observer);
             }
         }
 
         // start streaming data
         executorService.execute(monitor);
 
     }
 
     /** Check if any of the streaming thread has thrown an exception.
      * <p>
      * If a streaming thread has thrown an exception, it will be rethrown here
      * </p>
      */
     public void checkException() {
         // check if any of the stream got an exception
         for (final  Map.Entry<String, StreamMonitor> entry : monitors.entrySet()) {
             final OrekitException exception = entry.getValue().getException();
             if (exception != null) {
                 throw exception;
             }
         }
     }
 
     /** Stop streaming data from all connected mount points.
      * <p>
      * If an exception was encountered during data streaming, it will be rethrown here
      * </p>
      * @param time timeout for waiting underlying threads termination (ms)
      */
     public void stopStreaming(final int time) {
 
         // ask all monitors to stop retrieving data
         for (final  Map.Entry<String, StreamMonitor> entry : monitors.entrySet()) {
             entry.getValue().stopMonitoring();
         }
 
         try {
             // wait for proper ending
             executorService.awaitTermination(time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
             // Restore interrupted state...
             Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
         }
 
         checkException();
 
     }
 
     /** Connect to caster.
      * @param mountPoint mount point (empty for getting sourcetable)
      * @return performed connection
      * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs during connection
      */
     HttpURLConnection connect(final String mountPoint)
         throws IOException {
 
         // set up connection
         final String protocol = "http";
         final URL casterURL = new URL(protocol, host, port, "/" + mountPoint);
         final HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) casterURL.openConnection(proxy);
         connection.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
         connection.setReadTimeout(timeout);
 
         // common headers
         connection.setRequestProperty(HOST_HEADER_KEY,       host);
         connection.setRequestProperty(VERSION_HEADER_KEY,    VERSION_HEADER_VALUE);
         connection.setRequestProperty(USER_AGENT_HEADER_KEY, USER_AGENT_HEADER_VALUE);
         connection.setRequestProperty(CONNECTION_HEADER_KEY, CONNECTION_HEADER_VALUE);
 
         return connection;
 
     }
 
     /** Get an header from a response.
      * @param connection connection to analyze
      * @param key header key
      * @return header value
      */
     private String getHeaderValue(final URLConnection connection, final String key) {
         final String value = connection.getHeaderField(key);
         if (value == null) {
             throw new OrekitException(OrekitMessages.MISSING_HEADER,
                                       connection.getURL().getHost(), key);
         }
         return value;
     }
 
     /** Local holder for observers. */
     private static class ObserverHolder {
 
         /** Code for the message type. */
         private final int typeCode;
 
         /** Mount point. */
         private final String mountPoint;
 
         /** Observer to notify. */
         private final MessageObserver observer;
 
         /** Simple constructor.
          * @param typeCode code for the message type
          * @param mountPoint mountPoint from which data must come (if null, notification
          * will be triggered regardless of mount point)
          * @param observer observer for this message type
          */
         ObserverHolder(final int typeCode, final String mountPoint,
                             final MessageObserver observer) {
             this.typeCode   = typeCode;
             this.mountPoint = mountPoint;
             this.observer   = observer;
         }
 
     }
 
 }