/* Copyright 2002-2025 CS GROUP
    * Licensed to CS GROUP (CS) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * CS licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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  package org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.forces;
  
  import org.hipparchus.CalculusFieldElement;
  import org.hipparchus.Field;
  import org.hipparchus.analysis.CalculusFieldUnivariateVectorFunction;
  import org.hipparchus.analysis.UnivariateVectorFunction;
  import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.FieldRotation;
  import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.FieldVector3D;
  import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.Rotation;
  import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.Vector3D;
  import org.hipparchus.util.FastMath;
  import org.hipparchus.util.FieldSinCos;
  import org.hipparchus.util.MathArrays;
  import org.hipparchus.util.SinCos;
  import org.orekit.attitudes.Attitude;
  import org.orekit.attitudes.AttitudeProvider;
  import org.orekit.attitudes.FieldAttitude;
  import org.orekit.forces.ForceModel;
  import org.orekit.orbits.EquinoctialOrbit;
  import org.orekit.orbits.FieldEquinoctialOrbit;
  import org.orekit.orbits.FieldOrbit;
  import org.orekit.orbits.Orbit;
  import org.orekit.orbits.OrbitType;
  import org.orekit.orbits.PositionAngleType;
  import org.orekit.propagation.FieldSpacecraftState;
  import org.orekit.propagation.PropagationType;
  import org.orekit.propagation.SpacecraftState;
  import org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.utilities.AuxiliaryElements;
  import org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.utilities.CjSjCoefficient;
  import org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.utilities.FieldAuxiliaryElements;
  import org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.utilities.FieldCjSjCoefficient;
  import org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.utilities.FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient;
  import org.orekit.propagation.semianalytical.dsst.utilities.ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient;
  import org.orekit.time.AbsoluteDate;
  import org.orekit.time.FieldAbsoluteDate;
  import org.orekit.utils.FieldTimeSpanMap;
  import org.orekit.utils.ParameterDriver;
  import org.orekit.utils.TimeSpanMap;
  
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Set;
  
  /**
   * Common handling of {@link DSSTForceModel} methods for Gaussian contributions
   * to DSST propagation.
   * <p>
   * This abstract class allows to provide easily a subset of
   * {@link DSSTForceModel} methods for specific Gaussian contributions.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * This class implements the notion of numerical averaging of the DSST theory.
   * Numerical averaging is mainly used for non-conservative disturbing forces
   * such as atmospheric drag and solar radiation pressure.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Gaussian contributions can be expressed as: da<sub>i</sub>/dt =
   * δa<sub>i</sub>/δv . q<br>
   * where:
   * <ul>
   * <li>a<sub>i</sub> are the six equinoctial elements</li>
   * <li>v is the velocity vector</li>
   * <li>q is the perturbing acceleration due to the considered force</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * <p>
   * The averaging process and other considerations lead to integrate this
   * contribution over the true longitude L possibly taking into account some
   * limits.
   *
   * <p>
   * To create a numerically averaged contribution, one needs only to provide a
   * {@link ForceModel} and to implement in the derived class the methods:
   * {@link #getLLimits(SpacecraftState, AuxiliaryElements)} and
   * {@link #getParametersDriversWithoutMu()}.
   * </p>
   * @author Pascal Parraud
   * @author Bryan Cazabonne (field translation)
   */
 public abstract class AbstractGaussianContribution implements DSSTForceModel {
 
     /**
      * Retrograde factor I.
      * <p>
      * DSST model needs equinoctial orbit as internal representation. Classical
      * equinoctial elements have discontinuities when inclination is close to zero.
      * In this representation, I = +1. <br>
      * To avoid this discontinuity, another representation exists and equinoctial
      * elements can be expressed in a different way, called "retrograde" orbit. This
      * implies I = -1. <br>
      * As Orekit doesn't implement the retrograde orbit, I is always set to +1. But
      * for the sake of consistency with the theory, the retrograde factor has been
      * kept in the formulas.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final int I = 1;
 
     /**
      * Central attraction scaling factor.
      * <p>
      * We use a power of 2 to avoid numeric noise introduction in the
      * multiplications/divisions sequences.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final double MU_SCALE = FastMath.scalb(1.0, 32);
 
     /** Available orders for Gauss quadrature. */
     private static final int[] GAUSS_ORDER = { 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48 };
 
     /** Max rank in Gauss quadrature orders array. */
     private static final int MAX_ORDER_RANK = GAUSS_ORDER.length - 1;
 
     /** Number of points for interpolation. */
     private static final int INTERPOLATION_POINTS = 3;
 
     /** Maximum value for j index. */
     private static final int JMAX = 12;
 
     /** Contribution to be numerically averaged. */
     private final ForceModel contribution;
 
     /** Gauss integrator. */
     private final double threshold;
 
     /** Gauss integrator. */
     private GaussQuadrature integrator;
 
     /** Flag for Gauss order computation. */
     private boolean isDirty;
 
     /** Attitude provider. */
     private AttitudeProvider attitudeProvider;
 
     /** Prefix for coefficients keys. */
     private final String coefficientsKeyPrefix;
 
     /** Short period terms. */
     private GaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients gaussianSPCoefs;
 
     /** Short period terms. */
     private Map<Field<?>, FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients<?>> gaussianFieldSPCoefs;
 
     /** Driver for gravitational parameter. */
     private final ParameterDriver gmParameterDriver;
 
     /**
      * Build a new instance.
      * @param coefficientsKeyPrefix prefix for coefficients keys
      * @param threshold             tolerance for the choice of the Gauss quadrature
      *                              order
      * @param contribution          the {@link ForceModel} to be numerically
      *                              averaged
      * @param mu                    central attraction coefficient
      */
     protected AbstractGaussianContribution(final String coefficientsKeyPrefix, final double threshold,
             final ForceModel contribution, final double mu) {
 
         gmParameterDriver = new ParameterDriver(DSSTNewtonianAttraction.CENTRAL_ATTRACTION_COEFFICIENT, mu, MU_SCALE,
                 0.0, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
 
         this.coefficientsKeyPrefix = coefficientsKeyPrefix;
         this.contribution = contribution;
         this.threshold = threshold;
         this.integrator = new GaussQuadrature(GAUSS_ORDER[MAX_ORDER_RANK]);
         this.isDirty = true;
 
         gaussianFieldSPCoefs = new HashMap<>();
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public void init(final SpacecraftState initialState, final AbsoluteDate target) {
         // Initialize the numerical force model
         contribution.init(initialState, target);
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> void init(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> initialState, final FieldAbsoluteDate<T> target) {
         // Initialize the numerical force model
         contribution.init(initialState, target);
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public List<ParameterDriver> getParametersDrivers() {
         // Initialize drivers (without central attraction coefficient driver)
         final List<ParameterDriver> drivers = new ArrayList<>(getParametersDriversWithoutMu());
         // We put central attraction coefficient driver at the end of the array
         drivers.add(gmParameterDriver);
         return drivers;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the drivers for force model parameters except the one for the central
      * attraction coefficient.
      * <p>
      * The driver for central attraction coefficient is automatically added at the
      * last element of the {@link ParameterDriver} array into
      * {@link #getParametersDrivers()} method.
      * </p>
      * @return drivers for force model parameters
      */
     protected abstract List<ParameterDriver> getParametersDriversWithoutMu();
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public List<ShortPeriodTerms> initializeShortPeriodTerms(final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements, final PropagationType type,
             final double[] parameters) {
 
         final List<ShortPeriodTerms> list = new ArrayList<>();
         gaussianSPCoefs = new GaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients(coefficientsKeyPrefix, JMAX, INTERPOLATION_POINTS,
                 new TimeSpanMap<>(new Slot(JMAX, INTERPOLATION_POINTS)));
         list.add(gaussianSPCoefs);
         return list;
 
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> List<FieldShortPeriodTerms<T>> initializeShortPeriodTerms(
             final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements, final PropagationType type, final T[] parameters) {
 
         final Field<T> field = auxiliaryElements.getDate().getField();
 
         final FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients<T> fgspc = new FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients<>(
                 coefficientsKeyPrefix, JMAX, INTERPOLATION_POINTS,
                 new FieldTimeSpanMap<>(new FieldSlot<>(JMAX, INTERPOLATION_POINTS), field));
         gaussianFieldSPCoefs.put(field, fgspc);
         return Collections.singletonList(fgspc);
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs initialization at each integration step for the current force model.
      * <p>
      * This method aims at being called before mean elements rates computation.
      * </p>
      * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
      * @param parameters        parameters values of the force model parameters
      *                          only 1 value for each parameterDriver
      * @return new force model context
      */
     private AbstractGaussianContributionContext initializeStep(final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements,
             final double[] parameters) {
         return new AbstractGaussianContributionContext(auxiliaryElements, parameters);
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs initialization at each integration step for the current force model.
      * <p>
      * This method aims at being called before mean elements rates computation.
      * </p>
      * @param <T>               type of the elements
      * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
      * @param parameters        parameters values of the force model parameters
      *                          (only 1 values for each parameters corresponding
      *                          to state date) by getting the parameters for a specific date.
      * @return new force model context
      */
     private <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> initializeStep(
             final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements, final T[] parameters) {
         return new FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<>(auxiliaryElements, parameters);
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public double[] getMeanElementRate(final SpacecraftState state, final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements,
             final double[] parameters) {
 
         // Container for attributes
 
         final AbstractGaussianContributionContext context = initializeStep(auxiliaryElements, parameters);
         double[] meanElementRate = new double[6];
         // Computes the limits for the integral
         final double[] ll = getLLimits(state, auxiliaryElements);
         // Computes integrated mean element rates if Llow < Lhigh
         if (ll[0] < ll[1]) {
             meanElementRate = getMeanElementRate(state, integrator, ll[0], ll[1], context, parameters);
             if (isDirty) {
                 boolean next = true;
                 for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ORDER_RANK && next; i++) {
                     final double[] meanRates = getMeanElementRate(state, new GaussQuadrature(GAUSS_ORDER[i]), ll[0],
                             ll[1], context, parameters);
                     if (getRatesDiff(meanElementRate, meanRates, context) < threshold) {
                         integrator = new GaussQuadrature(GAUSS_ORDER[i]);
                         next = false;
                     }
                 }
                 isDirty = false;
             }
         }
         return meanElementRate;
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T[] getMeanElementRate(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state,
             final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements, final T[] parameters) {
 
         // Container for attributes
         final FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> context = initializeStep(auxiliaryElements, parameters);
         final Field<T> field = state.getDate().getField();
 
         T[] meanElementRate = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 6);
         // Computes the limits for the integral
         final T[] ll = getLLimits(state, auxiliaryElements);
         // Computes integrated mean element rates if Llow < Lhigh
         if (ll[0].getReal() < ll[1].getReal()) {
             meanElementRate = getMeanElementRate(state, integrator, ll[0], ll[1], context, parameters);
             if (isDirty) {
                 boolean next = true;
                 for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ORDER_RANK && next; i++) {
                     final T[] meanRates = getMeanElementRate(state, new GaussQuadrature(GAUSS_ORDER[i]), ll[0], ll[1],
                             context, parameters);
                     if (getRatesDiff(meanElementRate, meanRates, context).getReal() < threshold) {
                         integrator = new GaussQuadrature(GAUSS_ORDER[i]);
                         next = false;
                     }
                 }
                 isDirty = false;
             }
         }
 
         return meanElementRate;
     }
 
     /**
      * Compute the limits in L, the true longitude, for integration.
      *
      * @param state             current state information: date, kinematics,
      *                          attitude
      * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
      * @return the integration limits in L
      */
     protected abstract double[] getLLimits(SpacecraftState state, AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements);
 
     /**
      * Compute the limits in L, the true longitude, for integration.
      *
      * @param <T>               type of the elements
      * @param state             current state information: date, kinematics,
      *                          attitude
      * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
      * @return the integration limits in L
      */
     protected abstract <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T[] getLLimits(FieldSpacecraftState<T> state,
             FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements);
 
     /**
      * Computes the mean equinoctial elements rates da<sub>i</sub> / dt.
      *
      * @param state      current state
      * @param gauss      Gauss quadrature
      * @param low        lower bound of the integral interval
      * @param high       upper bound of the integral interval
      * @param context    container for attributes
      * @param parameters values of the force model parameters
      * at state date (1 values for each parameters)
      * @return the mean element rates
      */
     protected double[] getMeanElementRate(final SpacecraftState state, final GaussQuadrature gauss, final double low,
             final double high, final AbstractGaussianContributionContext context, final double[] parameters) {
 
         // Auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
         final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements = context.getAuxiliaryElements();
 
         final double[] meanElementRate = gauss.integrate(new IntegrableFunction(state, true, 0, parameters), low, high);
 
         // Constant multiplier for integral
         final double coef = 1. / (2. * FastMath.PI * auxiliaryElements.getB());
         // Corrects mean element rates
         for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
             meanElementRate[i] *= coef;
         }
         return meanElementRate;
     }
 
     /**
      * Computes the mean equinoctial elements rates da<sub>i</sub> / dt.
      *
      * @param <T>        type of the elements
      * @param state      current state
      * @param gauss      Gauss quadrature
      * @param low        lower bound of the integral interval
      * @param high       upper bound of the integral interval
      * @param context    container for attributes
      * @param parameters values of the force model parameters(1 values for each parameters)
      * @return the mean element rates
      */
     protected <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T[] getMeanElementRate(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state,
             final GaussQuadrature gauss, final T low, final T high,
             final FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> context, final T[] parameters) {
 
         // Field
         final Field<T> field = context.getA().getField();
 
         // Auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
         final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements = context.getFieldAuxiliaryElements();
 
         final T[] meanElementRate = gauss.integrate(new FieldIntegrableFunction<>(state, true, 0, parameters, field),
                 low, high, field);
         // Constant multiplier for integral
         final T coef = auxiliaryElements.getB().multiply(low.getPi()).multiply(2.).reciprocal();
         // Corrects mean element rates
         for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
             meanElementRate[i] = meanElementRate[i].multiply(coef);
         }
         return meanElementRate;
     }
 
     /**
      * Estimates the weighted magnitude of the difference between 2 sets of
      * equinoctial elements rates.
      *
      * @param meanRef reference rates
      * @param meanCur current rates
      * @param context container for attributes
      * @return estimated magnitude of weighted differences
      */
     private double getRatesDiff(final double[] meanRef, final double[] meanCur,
             final AbstractGaussianContributionContext context) {
 
         // Auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
         final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements = context.getAuxiliaryElements();
 
         double maxDiff = FastMath.abs(meanRef[0] - meanCur[0]) / auxiliaryElements.getSma();
         // Corrects mean element rates
         for (int i = 1; i < meanRef.length; i++) {
             maxDiff = FastMath.max(maxDiff, FastMath.abs(meanRef[i] - meanCur[i]));
         }
         return maxDiff;
     }
 
     /**
      * Estimates the weighted magnitude of the difference between 2 sets of
      * equinoctial elements rates.
      *
      * @param <T>     type of the elements
      * @param meanRef reference rates
      * @param meanCur current rates
      * @param context container for attributes
      * @return estimated magnitude of weighted differences
      */
     private <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T getRatesDiff(final T[] meanRef, final T[] meanCur,
             final FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> context) {
 
         // Auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
         final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements = context.getFieldAuxiliaryElements();
 
         T maxDiff = FastMath.abs(meanRef[0].subtract(meanCur[0])).divide(auxiliaryElements.getSma());
 
         // Corrects mean element rates
         for (int i = 1; i < meanRef.length; i++) {
             maxDiff = FastMath.max(maxDiff, FastMath.abs(meanRef[i].subtract(meanCur[i])));
         }
         return maxDiff;
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public void registerAttitudeProvider(final AttitudeProvider provider) {
         this.attitudeProvider = provider;
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     public void updateShortPeriodTerms(final double[] parameters, final SpacecraftState... meanStates) {
 
         final Slot slot = gaussianSPCoefs.createSlot(meanStates);
         for (final SpacecraftState meanState : meanStates) {
 
             // Auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
             final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements = new AuxiliaryElements(meanState.getOrbit(), I);
 
             // Container of attributes
             // Extract the proper parameters valid for the corresponding meanState date from the input array
             final double[] extractedParameters = this.extractParameters(parameters, auxiliaryElements.getDate());
             final AbstractGaussianContributionContext context = initializeStep(auxiliaryElements, extractedParameters);
 
             // Compute rhoj and sigmaj
             final double[][] currentRhoSigmaj = computeRhoSigmaCoefficients(auxiliaryElements);
 
             // Generate the Cij and Sij coefficients
             final FourierCjSjCoefficients fourierCjSj = new FourierCjSjCoefficients(meanState, JMAX, auxiliaryElements,
                                                                                     extractedParameters);
 
             // Generate the Uij and Vij coefficients
             final UijVijCoefficients uijvij = new UijVijCoefficients(currentRhoSigmaj, fourierCjSj, JMAX);
 
             gaussianSPCoefs.computeCoefficients(meanState, slot, fourierCjSj, uijvij, context.getMeanMotion(),
                     auxiliaryElements.getSma());
 
         }
 
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> void updateShortPeriodTerms(final T[] parameters,
             final FieldSpacecraftState<T>... meanStates) {
 
         // Field used by default
         final Field<T> field = meanStates[0].getDate().getField();
 
         final FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients<T> fgspc = (FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients<T>) gaussianFieldSPCoefs
                 .get(field);
         final FieldSlot<T> slot = fgspc.createSlot(meanStates);
         for (final FieldSpacecraftState<T> meanState : meanStates) {
 
             // Auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
             final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements = new FieldAuxiliaryElements<>(meanState.getOrbit(), I);
 
             // Container of attributes
             // Extract the proper parameters valid for the corresponding meanState date from the input array
             final T[] extractedParameters = this.extractParameters(parameters, auxiliaryElements.getDate());
             final FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> context = initializeStep(auxiliaryElements, extractedParameters);
 
             // Compute rhoj and sigmaj
             final T[][] currentRhoSigmaj = computeRhoSigmaCoefficients(context, field);
 
             // Generate the Cij and Sij coefficients
             final FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients<T> fourierCjSj = new FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients<>(meanState, JMAX,
                     auxiliaryElements, extractedParameters, field);
 
             // Generate the Uij and Vij coefficients
             final FieldUijVijCoefficients<T> uijvij = new FieldUijVijCoefficients<>(currentRhoSigmaj, fourierCjSj, JMAX,
                     field);
 
             fgspc.computeCoefficients(meanState, slot, fourierCjSj, uijvij, context.getMeanMotion(),
                     auxiliaryElements.getSma(), field);
 
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * Compute the auxiliary quantities ρ<sub>j</sub> and σ<sub>j</sub>.
      * <p>
      * The expressions used are equations 2.5.3-(4) from the Danielson paper. <br/>
      * ρ<sub>j</sub> = (1+jB)(-b)<sup>j</sup>C<sub>j</sub>(k, h) <br/>
      * σ<sub>j</sub> = (1+jB)(-b)<sup>j</sup>S<sub>j</sub>(k, h) <br/>
      * </p>
      * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
      * @return computed coefficients
      */
     private double[][] computeRhoSigmaCoefficients(final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements) {
         final double[][] currentRhoSigmaj = new double[2][3 * JMAX + 1];
         final CjSjCoefficient cjsjKH = new CjSjCoefficient(auxiliaryElements.getK(), auxiliaryElements.getH());
         final double b = 1. / (1 + auxiliaryElements.getB());
 
         // (-b)<sup>j</sup>
         double mbtj = 1;
 
         for (int j = 1; j <= 3 * JMAX; j++) {
 
             // Compute current rho and sigma;
             mbtj *= -b;
             final double coef = (1 + j * auxiliaryElements.getB()) * mbtj;
             currentRhoSigmaj[0][j] = coef * cjsjKH.getCj(j);
             currentRhoSigmaj[1][j] = coef * cjsjKH.getSj(j);
         }
         return currentRhoSigmaj;
     }
 
     /**
      * Compute the auxiliary quantities ρ<sub>j</sub> and σ<sub>j</sub>.
      * <p>
      * The expressions used are equations 2.5.3-(4) from the Danielson paper. <br/>
      * ρ<sub>j</sub> = (1+jB)(-b)<sup>j</sup>C<sub>j</sub>(k, h) <br/>
      * σ<sub>j</sub> = (1+jB)(-b)<sup>j</sup>S<sub>j</sub>(k, h) <br/>
      * </p>
      * @param <T>     type of the elements
      * @param context container for attributes
      * @param field   field used by default
      * @return computed coefficients
      */
     private <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T[][] computeRhoSigmaCoefficients(final FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> context, final Field<T> field) {
         // zero
         final T zero = field.getZero();
 
         final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements = context.getFieldAuxiliaryElements();
         final T[][] currentRhoSigmaj = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 2, 3 * JMAX + 1);
         final FieldCjSjCoefficient<T> cjsjKH = new FieldCjSjCoefficient<>(auxiliaryElements.getK(),
                 auxiliaryElements.getH(), field);
         final T b = auxiliaryElements.getB().add(1.).reciprocal();
 
         // (-b)<sup>j</sup>
         T mbtj = zero.newInstance(1.);
 
         for (int j = 1; j <= 3 * JMAX; j++) {
 
             // Compute current rho and sigma;
             mbtj = mbtj.multiply(b.negate());
             final T coef = mbtj.multiply(auxiliaryElements.getB().multiply(j).add(1.));
             currentRhoSigmaj[0][j] = coef.multiply(cjsjKH.getCj(j));
             currentRhoSigmaj[1][j] = coef.multiply(cjsjKH.getSj(j));
         }
         return currentRhoSigmaj;
     }
 
     /**
      * Internal class for numerical quadrature.
      * <p>
      * This class is a rewrite of {@link IntegrableFunction} for field elements
      * </p>
      * @param <T> type of the field elements
      */
     protected class FieldIntegrableFunction<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
             implements CalculusFieldUnivariateVectorFunction<T> {
 
         /** Current state. */
         private final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state;
 
         /**
          * Signal that this class is used to compute the values required by the mean
          * element variations or by the short periodic element variations.
          */
         private final boolean meanMode;
 
         /**
          * The j index.
          * <p>
          * Used only for short periodic variation. Ignored for mean elements variation.
          * </p>
          */
         private final int j;
 
         /** Container for attributes. */
         private final FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<T> context;
 
         /** Auxiliary Elements. */
         private final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements;
 
         /** Drivers for solar radiation and atmospheric drag forces. */
         private final T[] parameters;
 
         /**
          * Build a new instance with a new field.
          * @param state      current state information: date, kinematics, attitude
          * @param meanMode   if true return the value associated to the mean elements
          *                   variation, if false return the values associated to the
          *                   short periodic elements variation
          * @param j          the j index. used only for short periodic variation.
          *                   Ignored for mean elements variation.
          * @param parameters values of the force model parameters (only 1 values
          *                   for each parameters corresponding to state date) obtained by
          *                   calling the extract parameter method {@link #extractParameters(double[], AbsoluteDate)}
          *                   to selected the right value for state date or by getting the parameters for a specific date
          * @param field      field utilized by default
          */
         public FieldIntegrableFunction(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state, final boolean meanMode, final int j,
                 final T[] parameters, final Field<T> field) {
 
             this.meanMode = meanMode;
             this.j = j;
             this.parameters = parameters.clone();
             this.auxiliaryElements = new FieldAuxiliaryElements<>(state.getOrbit(), I);
             this.context = new FieldAbstractGaussianContributionContext<>(auxiliaryElements, this.parameters);
             // remove derivatives from state
             final T[] stateVector = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 6);
             final PositionAngleType positionAngleType = PositionAngleType.MEAN;
             OrbitType.EQUINOCTIAL.mapOrbitToArray(state.getOrbit(), positionAngleType, stateVector, null);
             final FieldOrbit<T> fixedOrbit = OrbitType.EQUINOCTIAL.mapArrayToOrbit(stateVector, null,
                     positionAngleType, state.getDate(), context.getMu(), state.getFrame());
             this.state = new FieldSpacecraftState<>(fixedOrbit, state.getAttitude()).withMass(state.getMass());
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
         @Override
         public T[] value(final T x) {
 
             // Parameters for array building
             final Field<T> field = auxiliaryElements.getDate().getField();
             final int dimension = 6;
 
             // Compute the time difference from the true longitude difference
             final T shiftedLm = trueToMean(x);
             final T dLm = shiftedLm.subtract(auxiliaryElements.getLM());
             final T dt = dLm.divide(context.getMeanMotion());
 
             final FieldSinCos<T> scL = FastMath.sinCos(x);
             final T cosL = scL.cos();
             final T sinL = scL.sin();
             final T roa  = auxiliaryElements.getB().multiply(auxiliaryElements.getB()).divide(auxiliaryElements.getH().multiply(sinL).add(auxiliaryElements.getK().multiply(cosL)).add(1.));
             final T roa2 = roa.multiply(roa);
             final T r = auxiliaryElements.getSma().multiply(roa);
             final T X = r.multiply(cosL);
             final T Y = r.multiply(sinL);
             final T naob = context.getMeanMotion().multiply(auxiliaryElements.getSma())
                     .divide(auxiliaryElements.getB());
             final T Xdot = naob.multiply(auxiliaryElements.getH().add(sinL)).negate();
             final T Ydot = naob.multiply(auxiliaryElements.getK().add(cosL));
             final FieldVector3D<T> vel = new FieldVector3D<>(Xdot, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), Ydot,
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorG());
 
             // shift the orbit to dt
             final FieldOrbit<T> shiftedOrbit = state.getOrbit().shiftedBy(dt);
 
             // Recompose an orbit with time held fixed to be compliant with DSST theory
             final FieldOrbit<T> recomposedOrbit = new FieldEquinoctialOrbit<>(shiftedOrbit.getA(),
                     shiftedOrbit.getEquinoctialEx(), shiftedOrbit.getEquinoctialEy(), shiftedOrbit.getHx(),
                     shiftedOrbit.getHy(), shiftedOrbit.getLM(), PositionAngleType.MEAN, shiftedOrbit.getFrame(),
                     state.getDate(), context.getMu());
 
             // Get the corresponding attitude
             final FieldAttitude<T> recomposedAttitude;
             if (contribution.dependsOnAttitudeRate()) {
                 recomposedAttitude = attitudeProvider.getAttitude(recomposedOrbit,
                         recomposedOrbit.getDate(), recomposedOrbit.getFrame());
             } else {
                 final FieldRotation<T> rotation = attitudeProvider.getAttitudeRotation(recomposedOrbit,
                         recomposedOrbit.getDate(), recomposedOrbit.getFrame());
                 final FieldVector3D<T> zeroVector = FieldVector3D.getZero(recomposedOrbit.getA().getField());
                 recomposedAttitude = new FieldAttitude<>(recomposedOrbit.getDate(), recomposedOrbit.getFrame(),
                         rotation, zeroVector, zeroVector);
             }
 
             // create shifted SpacecraftState with attitude at specified time
             final FieldSpacecraftState<T> shiftedState = new FieldSpacecraftState<>(recomposedOrbit, recomposedAttitude).withMass(state.getMass());
 
             final FieldVector3D<T> acc = contribution.acceleration(shiftedState, parameters);
 
             // Compute the derivatives of the elements by the speed
             final T[] deriv = MathArrays.buildArray(field, dimension);
             // da/dv
             deriv[0] = getAoV(vel).dotProduct(acc);
             // dex/dv
             deriv[1] = getKoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot).dotProduct(acc);
             // dey/dv
             deriv[2] = getHoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot).dotProduct(acc);
             // dhx/dv
             deriv[3] = getQoV(X).dotProduct(acc);
             // dhy/dv
             deriv[4] = getPoV(Y).dotProduct(acc);
             // dλ/dv
             deriv[5] = getLoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot).dotProduct(acc);
 
             // Compute mean elements rates
             final T[] val;
             if (meanMode) {
                 val = MathArrays.buildArray(field, dimension);
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // da<sub>i</sub>/dt
                     val[i] = deriv[i].multiply(roa2);
                 }
             } else {
                 val = MathArrays.buildArray(field, dimension * 2);
                 //Compute cos(j*L) and sin(j*L);
                 final FieldSinCos<T> scjL = FastMath.sinCos(x.multiply(j));
                 final T cosjL = j == 1 ? cosL : scjL.cos();
                 final T sinjL = j == 1 ? sinL : scjL.sin();
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // da<sub>i</sub>/dv * cos(jL)
                     val[i] = deriv[i].multiply(cosjL);
                     // da<sub>i</sub>/dv * sin(jL)
                     val[i + 6] = deriv[i].multiply(sinjL);
                 }
             }
 
             return val;
         }
 
         /**
          * Converts true longitude to mean longitude.
          * @param x True longitude
          * @return Eccentric longitude
          */
         private T trueToMean(final T x) {
             return eccentricToMean(trueToEccentric(x));
         }
 
         /**
          * Converts true longitude to eccentric longitude.
          * @param lv True longitude
          * @return Eccentric longitude
          */
         private T trueToEccentric (final T lv) {
             final FieldSinCos<T> sclV = FastMath.sinCos(lv);
             final T cosLv   = sclV.cos();
             final T sinLv   = sclV.sin();
             final T num     = auxiliaryElements.getH().multiply(cosLv).subtract(auxiliaryElements.getK().multiply(sinLv));
             final T den     = auxiliaryElements.getB().add(auxiliaryElements.getK().multiply(cosLv)).add(auxiliaryElements.getH().multiply(sinLv)).add(1.);
             return FastMath.atan(num.divide(den)).multiply(2.).add(lv);
         }
 
         /**
          * Converts eccentric longitude to mean longitude.
          * @param le Eccentric longitude
          * @return Mean longitude
          */
         private T eccentricToMean (final T le) {
             final FieldSinCos<T> scle = FastMath.sinCos(le);
             return le.subtract(auxiliaryElements.getK().multiply(scle.sin())).add(auxiliaryElements.getH().multiply(scle.cos()));
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δa/δv.
          * @param vel satellite velocity
          * @return δa/δv
          */
         private FieldVector3D<T> getAoV(final FieldVector3D<T> vel) {
             return new FieldVector3D<>(context.getTon2a(), vel);
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δh/δv.
          * @param X    satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Y    satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @param Xdot satellite velocity component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Ydot satellite velocity component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @return δh/δv
          */
         private FieldVector3D<T> getHoV(final T X, final T Y, final T Xdot, final T Ydot) {
             final T kf = (Xdot.multiply(Y).multiply(2.).subtract(X.multiply(Ydot))).multiply(context.getOoMU());
             final T kg = X.multiply(Xdot).multiply(context.getOoMU());
             final T kw = auxiliaryElements.getK().multiply(
                     auxiliaryElements.getQ().multiply(Y).multiply(I).subtract(auxiliaryElements.getP().multiply(X)))
                     .multiply(context.getOOAB());
             return new FieldVector3D<>(kf, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), kg.negate(), auxiliaryElements.getVectorG(),
                     kw, auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δk/δv.
          * @param X    satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Y    satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @param Xdot satellite velocity component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Ydot satellite velocity component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @return δk/δv
          */
         private FieldVector3D<T> getKoV(final T X, final T Y, final T Xdot, final T Ydot) {
             final T kf = Y.multiply(Ydot).multiply(context.getOoMU());
             final T kg = (X.multiply(Ydot).multiply(2.).subtract(Xdot.multiply(Y))).multiply(context.getOoMU());
             final T kw = auxiliaryElements.getH().multiply(
                     auxiliaryElements.getQ().multiply(Y).multiply(I).subtract(auxiliaryElements.getP().multiply(X)))
                     .multiply(context.getOOAB());
             return new FieldVector3D<>(kf.negate(), auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), kg, auxiliaryElements.getVectorG(),
                     kw.negate(), auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δp/δv.
          * @param Y satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *          2nd vector
          * @return δp/δv
          */
         private FieldVector3D<T> getPoV(final T Y) {
             return new FieldVector3D<>(context.getCo2AB().multiply(Y), auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δq/δv.
          * @param X satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *          1st vector
          * @return δq/δv
          */
         private FieldVector3D<T> getQoV(final T X) {
             return new FieldVector3D<>(context.getCo2AB().multiply(X).multiply(I), auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δλ/δv.
          * @param X    satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Y    satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @param Xdot satellite velocity component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Ydot satellite velocity component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @return δλ/δv
          */
         private FieldVector3D<T> getLoV(final T X, final T Y, final T Xdot, final T Ydot) {
             final FieldVector3D<T> pos = new FieldVector3D<>(X, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), Y,
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorG());
             final FieldVector3D<T> v2 = new FieldVector3D<>(auxiliaryElements.getK(), getHoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot),
                     auxiliaryElements.getH().negate(), getKoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot));
             return new FieldVector3D<>(context.getOOA().multiply(-2.), pos, context.getOoBpo(), v2,
                     context.getOOA().multiply(auxiliaryElements.getQ().multiply(Y).multiply(I)
                             .subtract(auxiliaryElements.getP().multiply(X))),
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
     }
 
     /** Internal class for numerical quadrature. */
     protected class IntegrableFunction implements UnivariateVectorFunction {
 
         /** Current state. */
         private final SpacecraftState state;
 
         /**
          * Signal that this class is used to compute the values required by the mean
          * element variations or by the short periodic element variations.
          */
         private final boolean meanMode;
 
         /**
          * The j index.
          * <p>
          * Used only for short periodic variation. Ignored for mean elements variation.
          * </p>
          */
         private final int j;
 
         /** Container for attributes. */
         private final AbstractGaussianContributionContext context;
 
         /** Auxiliary Elements. */
         private final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements;
 
         /** Drivers for solar radiation and atmospheric drag forces. */
         private final double[] parameters;
 
         /**
          * Build a new instance.
          * @param state      current state information: date, kinematics, attitude
          * @param meanMode   if true return the value associated to the mean elements
          *                   variation, if false return the values associated to the
          *                   short periodic elements variation
          * @param j          the j index. used only for short periodic variation.
          *                   Ignored for mean elements variation.
          * @param parameters list of the estimated values for each driver at state date of the force model parameters
          *                   only 1 value for each parameter
          */
         IntegrableFunction(final SpacecraftState state, final boolean meanMode, final int j,
                 final double[] parameters) {
 
             this.meanMode = meanMode;
             this.j = j;
             this.parameters = parameters.clone();
             this.auxiliaryElements = new AuxiliaryElements(state.getOrbit(), I);
             this.context = new AbstractGaussianContributionContext(auxiliaryElements, this.parameters);
             // remove derivatives from state
             final double[] stateVector = new double[6];
             final PositionAngleType positionAngleType = PositionAngleType.MEAN;
             OrbitType.EQUINOCTIAL.mapOrbitToArray(state.getOrbit(), positionAngleType, stateVector, null);
             final Orbit fixedOrbit = OrbitType.EQUINOCTIAL.mapArrayToOrbit(stateVector, null, positionAngleType,
                     state.getDate(), context.getMu(), state.getFrame());
             this.state = new SpacecraftState(fixedOrbit, state.getAttitude()).withMass(state.getMass());
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
         @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:FinalLocalVariable")
         @Override
         public double[] value(final double x) {
 
             // Compute the time difference from the true longitude difference
             final double shiftedLm = trueToMean(x);
             final double dLm = shiftedLm - auxiliaryElements.getLM();
             final double dt = dLm / context.getMeanMotion();
 
             final SinCos scL  = FastMath.sinCos(x);
             final double cosL = scL.cos();
             final double sinL = scL.sin();
             final double roa  = auxiliaryElements.getB() * auxiliaryElements.getB() / (1. + auxiliaryElements.getH() * sinL + auxiliaryElements.getK() * cosL);
             final double roa2 = roa * roa;
             final double r = auxiliaryElements.getSma() * roa;
             final double X = r * cosL;
             final double Y = r * sinL;
             final double naob = context.getMeanMotion() * auxiliaryElements.getSma() / auxiliaryElements.getB();
             final double Xdot = -naob * (auxiliaryElements.getH() + sinL);
             final double Ydot = naob * (auxiliaryElements.getK() + cosL);
             final Vector3D vel = new Vector3D(Xdot, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), Ydot,
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorG());
 
             // shift the orbit to dt
             final Orbit shiftedOrbit = state.getOrbit().shiftedBy(dt);
 
             // Recompose an orbit with time held fixed to be compliant with DSST theory
             final Orbit recomposedOrbit = new EquinoctialOrbit(shiftedOrbit.getA(), shiftedOrbit.getEquinoctialEx(),
                     shiftedOrbit.getEquinoctialEy(), shiftedOrbit.getHx(), shiftedOrbit.getHy(), shiftedOrbit.getLM(),
                     PositionAngleType.MEAN, shiftedOrbit.getFrame(), state.getDate(), context.getMu());
 
             // Get the corresponding attitude
             final Attitude recomposedAttitude;
             if (contribution.dependsOnAttitudeRate()) {
                 recomposedAttitude = attitudeProvider.getAttitude(recomposedOrbit,
                         recomposedOrbit.getDate(), recomposedOrbit.getFrame());
             } else {
                 final Rotation rotation = attitudeProvider.getAttitudeRotation(recomposedOrbit,
                         recomposedOrbit.getDate(), recomposedOrbit.getFrame());
                 final Vector3D zeroVector = Vector3D.ZERO;
                 recomposedAttitude = new Attitude(recomposedOrbit.getDate(), recomposedOrbit.getFrame(),
                         rotation, zeroVector, zeroVector);
             }
 
             // create shifted SpacecraftState with attitude at specified time
             final SpacecraftState shiftedState = new SpacecraftState(recomposedOrbit, recomposedAttitude).withMass(state.getMass());
 
             // here parameters is a list of all span values of each parameter driver
             final Vector3D acc = contribution.acceleration(shiftedState, parameters);
 
             // Compute the derivatives of the elements by the speed
             final double[] deriv = new double[6];
             // da/dv
             deriv[0] = getAoV(vel).dotProduct(acc);
             // dex/dv
             deriv[1] = getKoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot).dotProduct(acc);
             // dey/dv
             deriv[2] = getHoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot).dotProduct(acc);
             // dhx/dv
             deriv[3] = getQoV(X).dotProduct(acc);
             // dhy/dv
             deriv[4] = getPoV(Y).dotProduct(acc);
             // dλ/dv
             deriv[5] = getLoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot).dotProduct(acc);
 
             // Compute mean elements rates
             final double[] val;
             if (meanMode) {
                 val = new double[6];
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // da<sub>i</sub>/dt
                     val[i] = roa2 * deriv[i];
                 }
             } else {
                 val = new double[12];
                 //Compute cos(j*L) and sin(j*L);
                 final SinCos scjL  = FastMath.sinCos(j * x);
                 final double cosjL = j == 1 ? cosL : scjL.cos();
                 final double sinjL = j == 1 ? sinL : scjL.sin();
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // da<sub>i</sub>/dv * cos(jL)
                     val[i] = cosjL * deriv[i];
                     // da<sub>i</sub>/dv * sin(jL)
                     val[i + 6] = sinjL * deriv[i];
                 }
             }
             return val;
         }
 
         /**
          * Converts true longitude to eccentric longitude.
          * @param lv True longitude
          * @return Eccentric longitude
          */
         private double trueToEccentric (final double lv) {
             final SinCos scLv    = FastMath.sinCos(lv);
             final double num     = auxiliaryElements.getH() * scLv.cos() - auxiliaryElements.getK() * scLv.sin();
             final double den     = auxiliaryElements.getB() + 1. + auxiliaryElements.getK() * scLv.cos() + auxiliaryElements.getH() * scLv.sin();
             return lv + 2. * FastMath.atan(num / den);
         }
 
         /**
          * Converts eccentric longitude to mean longitude.
          * @param le Eccentric longitude
          * @return Mean longitude
          */
         private double eccentricToMean (final double le) {
             final SinCos scLe = FastMath.sinCos(le);
             return le - auxiliaryElements.getK() * scLe.sin() + auxiliaryElements.getH() * scLe.cos();
         }
 
         /**
          * Converts true longitude to mean longitude.
          * @param lv True longitude
          * @return Eccentric longitude
          */
         private double trueToMean(final double lv) {
             return eccentricToMean(trueToEccentric(lv));
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δa/δv.
          * @param vel satellite velocity
          * @return δa/δv
          */
         private Vector3D getAoV(final Vector3D vel) {
             return new Vector3D(context.getTon2a(), vel);
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δh/δv.
          * @param X    satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Y    satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @param Xdot satellite velocity component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Ydot satellite velocity component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @return δh/δv
          */
         private Vector3D getHoV(final double X, final double Y, final double Xdot, final double Ydot) {
             final double kf = (2. * Xdot * Y - X * Ydot) * context.getOoMU();
             final double kg = X * Xdot * context.getOoMU();
             final double kw = auxiliaryElements.getK() *
                     (I * auxiliaryElements.getQ() * Y - auxiliaryElements.getP() * X) * context.getOOAB();
             return new Vector3D(kf, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), -kg, auxiliaryElements.getVectorG(), kw,
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δk/δv.
          * @param X    satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Y    satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @param Xdot satellite velocity component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Ydot satellite velocity component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @return δk/δv
          */
         private Vector3D getKoV(final double X, final double Y, final double Xdot, final double Ydot) {
             final double kf = Y * Ydot * context.getOoMU();
             final double kg = (2. * X * Ydot - Xdot * Y) * context.getOoMU();
             final double kw = auxiliaryElements.getH() *
                     (I * auxiliaryElements.getQ() * Y - auxiliaryElements.getP() * X) * context.getOOAB();
             return new Vector3D(-kf, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), kg, auxiliaryElements.getVectorG(), -kw,
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δp/δv.
          * @param Y satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *          2nd vector
          * @return δp/δv
          */
         private Vector3D getPoV(final double Y) {
             return new Vector3D(context.getCo2AB() * Y, auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δq/δv.
          * @param X satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *          1st vector
          * @return δq/δv
          */
         private Vector3D getQoV(final double X) {
             return new Vector3D(I * context.getCo2AB() * X, auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute δλ/δv.
          * @param X    satellite position component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Y    satellite position component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @param Xdot satellite velocity component along f, equinoctial reference frame
          *             1st vector
          * @param Ydot satellite velocity component along g, equinoctial reference frame
          *             2nd vector
          * @return δλ/δv
          */
         private Vector3D getLoV(final double X, final double Y, final double Xdot, final double Ydot) {
             final Vector3D pos = new Vector3D(X, auxiliaryElements.getVectorF(), Y, auxiliaryElements.getVectorG());
             final Vector3D v2 = new Vector3D(auxiliaryElements.getK(), getHoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot),
                     -auxiliaryElements.getH(), getKoV(X, Y, Xdot, Ydot));
             return new Vector3D(-2. * context.getOOA(), pos, context.getOoBpo(), v2,
                     (I * auxiliaryElements.getQ() * Y - auxiliaryElements.getP() * X) * context.getOOA(),
                     auxiliaryElements.getVectorW());
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * Class used to {@link #integrate(UnivariateVectorFunction, double, double)
      * integrate} a {@link org.hipparchus.analysis.UnivariateVectorFunction
      * function} of the orbital elements using the Gaussian quadrature rule to get
      * the acceleration.
      */
     protected static class GaussQuadrature {
 
         // Points and weights for the available quadrature orders
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 12. */
         private static final double[] P_12 = { -0.98156063424671910000, -0.90411725637047490000,
             -0.76990267419430470000, -0.58731795428661740000, -0.36783149899818024000, -0.12523340851146890000,
             0.12523340851146890000, 0.36783149899818024000, 0.58731795428661740000, 0.76990267419430470000,
             0.90411725637047490000, 0.98156063424671910000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 12. */
         private static final double[] W_12 = { 0.04717533638651220000, 0.10693932599531830000, 0.16007832854334633000,
             0.20316742672306584000, 0.23349253653835478000, 0.24914704581340286000, 0.24914704581340286000,
             0.23349253653835478000, 0.20316742672306584000, 0.16007832854334633000, 0.10693932599531830000,
             0.04717533638651220000 };
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 16. */
         private static final double[] P_16 = { -0.98940093499164990000, -0.94457502307323260000,
             -0.86563120238783160000, -0.75540440835500310000, -0.61787624440264380000, -0.45801677765722737000,
             -0.28160355077925890000, -0.09501250983763745000, 0.09501250983763745000, 0.28160355077925890000,
             0.45801677765722737000, 0.61787624440264380000, 0.75540440835500310000, 0.86563120238783160000,
             0.94457502307323260000, 0.98940093499164990000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 16. */
         private static final double[] W_16 = { 0.02715245941175405800, 0.06225352393864777000, 0.09515851168249283000,
             0.12462897125553388000, 0.14959598881657685000, 0.16915651939500256000, 0.18260341504492360000,
             0.18945061045506847000, 0.18945061045506847000, 0.18260341504492360000, 0.16915651939500256000,
             0.14959598881657685000, 0.12462897125553388000, 0.09515851168249283000, 0.06225352393864777000,
             0.02715245941175405800 };
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 20. */
         private static final double[] P_20 = { -0.99312859918509490000, -0.96397192727791390000,
             -0.91223442825132600000, -0.83911697182221890000, -0.74633190646015080000, -0.63605368072651510000,
             -0.51086700195082700000, -0.37370608871541955000, -0.22778585114164507000, -0.07652652113349734000,
             0.07652652113349734000, 0.22778585114164507000, 0.37370608871541955000, 0.51086700195082700000,
             0.63605368072651510000, 0.74633190646015080000, 0.83911697182221890000, 0.91223442825132600000,
             0.96397192727791390000, 0.99312859918509490000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 20. */
         private static final double[] W_20 = { 0.01761400713915226400, 0.04060142980038684000, 0.06267204833410904000,
             0.08327674157670477000, 0.10193011981724048000, 0.11819453196151844000, 0.13168863844917678000,
             0.14209610931838212000, 0.14917298647260380000, 0.15275338713072600000, 0.15275338713072600000,
             0.14917298647260380000, 0.14209610931838212000, 0.13168863844917678000, 0.11819453196151844000,
             0.10193011981724048000, 0.08327674157670477000, 0.06267204833410904000, 0.04060142980038684000,
             0.01761400713915226400 };
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 24. */
         private static final double[] P_24 = { -0.99518721999702130000, -0.97472855597130950000,
             -0.93827455200273270000, -0.88641552700440100000, -0.82000198597390300000, -0.74012419157855440000,
             -0.64809365193697550000, -0.54542147138883950000, -0.43379350762604520000, -0.31504267969616340000,
             -0.19111886747361634000, -0.06405689286260563000, 0.06405689286260563000, 0.19111886747361634000,
             0.31504267969616340000, 0.43379350762604520000, 0.54542147138883950000, 0.64809365193697550000,
             0.74012419157855440000, 0.82000198597390300000, 0.88641552700440100000, 0.93827455200273270000,
             0.97472855597130950000, 0.99518721999702130000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 24. */
         private static final double[] W_24 = { 0.01234122979998733500, 0.02853138862893380600, 0.04427743881741981000,
             0.05929858491543691500, 0.07334648141108027000, 0.08619016153195320000, 0.09761865210411391000,
             0.10744427011596558000, 0.11550566805372553000, 0.12167047292780335000, 0.12583745634682825000,
             0.12793819534675221000, 0.12793819534675221000, 0.12583745634682825000, 0.12167047292780335000,
             0.11550566805372553000, 0.10744427011596558000, 0.09761865210411391000, 0.08619016153195320000,
             0.07334648141108027000, 0.05929858491543691500, 0.04427743881741981000, 0.02853138862893380600,
             0.01234122979998733500 };
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 32. */
         private static final double[] P_32 = { -0.99726386184948160000, -0.98561151154526840000,
             -0.96476225558750640000, -0.93490607593773970000, -0.89632115576605220000, -0.84936761373256990000,
             -0.79448379596794250000, -0.73218211874028970000, -0.66304426693021520000, -0.58771575724076230000,
             -0.50689990893222950000, -0.42135127613063540000, -0.33186860228212767000, -0.23928736225213710000,
             -0.14447196158279646000, -0.04830766568773831000, 0.04830766568773831000, 0.14447196158279646000,
             0.23928736225213710000, 0.33186860228212767000, 0.42135127613063540000, 0.50689990893222950000,
             0.58771575724076230000, 0.66304426693021520000, 0.73218211874028970000, 0.79448379596794250000,
             0.84936761373256990000, 0.89632115576605220000, 0.93490607593773970000, 0.96476225558750640000,
             0.98561151154526840000, 0.99726386184948160000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 32. */
         private static final double[] W_32 = { 0.00701861000947013600, 0.01627439473090571200, 0.02539206530926214200,
             0.03427386291302141000, 0.04283589802222658600, 0.05099805926237621600, 0.05868409347853559000,
             0.06582222277636193000, 0.07234579410884862000, 0.07819389578707042000, 0.08331192422694673000,
             0.08765209300440380000, 0.09117387869576390000, 0.09384439908080441000, 0.09563872007927487000,
             0.09654008851472784000, 0.09654008851472784000, 0.09563872007927487000, 0.09384439908080441000,
             0.09117387869576390000, 0.08765209300440380000, 0.08331192422694673000, 0.07819389578707042000,
             0.07234579410884862000, 0.06582222277636193000, 0.05868409347853559000, 0.05099805926237621600,
             0.04283589802222658600, 0.03427386291302141000, 0.02539206530926214200, 0.01627439473090571200,
             0.00701861000947013600 };
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 40. */
         private static final double[] P_40 = { -0.99823770971055930000, -0.99072623869945710000,
             -0.97725994998377420000, -0.95791681921379170000, -0.93281280827867660000, -0.90209880696887420000,
             -0.86595950321225960000, -0.82461223083331170000, -0.77830565142651940000, -0.72731825518992710000,
             -0.67195668461417960000, -0.61255388966798030000, -0.54946712509512820000, -0.48307580168617870000,
             -0.41377920437160500000, -0.34199409082575850000, -0.26815218500725370000, -0.19269758070137110000,
             -0.11608407067525522000, -0.03877241750605081600, 0.03877241750605081600, 0.11608407067525522000,
             0.19269758070137110000, 0.26815218500725370000, 0.34199409082575850000, 0.41377920437160500000,
             0.48307580168617870000, 0.54946712509512820000, 0.61255388966798030000, 0.67195668461417960000,
             0.72731825518992710000, 0.77830565142651940000, 0.82461223083331170000, 0.86595950321225960000,
             0.90209880696887420000, 0.93281280827867660000, 0.95791681921379170000, 0.97725994998377420000,
             0.99072623869945710000, 0.99823770971055930000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 40. */
         private static final double[] W_40 = { 0.00452127709853309800, 0.01049828453115270400, 0.01642105838190797300,
             0.02224584919416689000, 0.02793700698002338000, 0.03346019528254786500, 0.03878216797447199000,
             0.04387090818567333000, 0.04869580763507221000, 0.05322784698393679000, 0.05743976909939157000,
             0.06130624249292891000, 0.06480401345660108000, 0.06791204581523394000, 0.07061164739128681000,
             0.07288658239580408000, 0.07472316905796833000, 0.07611036190062619000, 0.07703981816424793000,
             0.07750594797842482000, 0.07750594797842482000, 0.07703981816424793000, 0.07611036190062619000,
             0.07472316905796833000, 0.07288658239580408000, 0.07061164739128681000, 0.06791204581523394000,
             0.06480401345660108000, 0.06130624249292891000, 0.05743976909939157000, 0.05322784698393679000,
             0.04869580763507221000, 0.04387090818567333000, 0.03878216797447199000, 0.03346019528254786500,
             0.02793700698002338000, 0.02224584919416689000, 0.01642105838190797300, 0.01049828453115270400,
             0.00452127709853309800 };
 
         /** Points for quadrature of order 48. */
         private static final double[] P_48 = { -0.99877100725242610000, -0.99353017226635080000,
             -0.98412458372282700000, -0.97059159254624720000, -0.95298770316043080000, -0.93138669070655440000,
             -0.90587913671556960000, -0.87657202027424800000, -0.84358826162439350000, -0.80706620402944250000,
             -0.76715903251574020000, -0.72403413092381470000, -0.67787237963266400000, -0.62886739677651370000,
             -0.57722472608397270000, -0.52316097472223300000, -0.46690290475095840000, -0.40868648199071680000,
             -0.34875588629216070000, -0.28736248735545555000, -0.22476379039468908000, -0.16122235606889174000,
             -0.09700469920946270000, -0.03238017096286937000, 0.03238017096286937000, 0.09700469920946270000,
             0.16122235606889174000, 0.22476379039468908000, 0.28736248735545555000, 0.34875588629216070000,
             0.40868648199071680000, 0.46690290475095840000, 0.52316097472223300000, 0.57722472608397270000,
             0.62886739677651370000, 0.67787237963266400000, 0.72403413092381470000, 0.76715903251574020000,
             0.80706620402944250000, 0.84358826162439350000, 0.87657202027424800000, 0.90587913671556960000,
             0.93138669070655440000, 0.95298770316043080000, 0.97059159254624720000, 0.98412458372282700000,
             0.99353017226635080000, 0.99877100725242610000 };
 
         /** Weights for quadrature of order 48. */
         private static final double[] W_48 = { 0.00315334605230596250, 0.00732755390127620800, 0.01147723457923446900,
             0.01557931572294386600, 0.01961616045735556700, 0.02357076083932435600, 0.02742650970835688000,
             0.03116722783279807000, 0.03477722256477045000, 0.03824135106583080600, 0.04154508294346483000,
             0.04467456085669424000, 0.04761665849249054000, 0.05035903555385448000, 0.05289018948519365000,
             0.05519950369998416500, 0.05727729210040315000, 0.05911483969839566000, 0.06070443916589384000,
             0.06203942315989268000, 0.06311419228625403000, 0.06392423858464817000, 0.06446616443595010000,
             0.06473769681268386000, 0.06473769681268386000, 0.06446616443595010000, 0.06392423858464817000,
             0.06311419228625403000, 0.06203942315989268000, 0.06070443916589384000, 0.05911483969839566000,
             0.05727729210040315000, 0.05519950369998416500, 0.05289018948519365000, 0.05035903555385448000,
             0.04761665849249054000, 0.04467456085669424000, 0.04154508294346483000, 0.03824135106583080600,
             0.03477722256477045000, 0.03116722783279807000, 0.02742650970835688000, 0.02357076083932435600,
             0.01961616045735556700, 0.01557931572294386600, 0.01147723457923446900, 0.00732755390127620800,
             0.00315334605230596250 };
 
         /** Node points. */
         private final double[] nodePoints;
 
         /** Node weights. */
         private final double[] nodeWeights;
 
         /** Number of points. */
         private final int numberOfPoints;
 
         /**
          * Creates a Gauss integrator of the given order.
          *
          * @param numberOfPoints Order of the integration rule.
          */
         GaussQuadrature(final int numberOfPoints) {
 
             this.numberOfPoints = numberOfPoints;
 
             switch (numberOfPoints) {
                 case 12:
                     this.nodePoints = P_12.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_12.clone();
                     break;
                 case 16:
                     this.nodePoints = P_16.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_16.clone();
                     break;
                 case 20:
                     this.nodePoints = P_20.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_20.clone();
                     break;
                 case 24:
                     this.nodePoints = P_24.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_24.clone();
                     break;
                 case 32:
                     this.nodePoints = P_32.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_32.clone();
                     break;
                 case 40:
                     this.nodePoints = P_40.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_40.clone();
                     break;
                 case 48:
                 default:
                     this.nodePoints = P_48.clone();
                     this.nodeWeights = W_48.clone();
                     break;
             }
 
         }
 
         /**
          * Integrates a given function on the given interval.
          *
          * @param f          Function to integrate.
          * @param lowerBound Lower bound of the integration interval.
          * @param upperBound Upper bound of the integration interval.
          * @return the integral of the weighted function.
          */
         public double[] integrate(final UnivariateVectorFunction f, final double lowerBound, final double upperBound) {
 
             final double[] adaptedPoints = nodePoints.clone();
             final double[] adaptedWeights = nodeWeights.clone();
             transform(adaptedPoints, adaptedWeights, lowerBound, upperBound);
             return basicIntegrate(f, adaptedPoints, adaptedWeights);
         }
 
         /**
          * Integrates a given function on the given interval.
          *
          * @param <T>        the type of the field elements
          * @param f          Function to integrate.
          * @param lowerBound Lower bound of the integration interval.
          * @param upperBound Upper bound of the integration interval.
          * @param field      field utilized by default
          * @return the integral of the weighted function.
          */
         public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T[] integrate(final CalculusFieldUnivariateVectorFunction<T> f,
                 final T lowerBound, final T upperBound, final Field<T> field) {
 
             final T zero = field.getZero();
 
             final T[] adaptedPoints = MathArrays.buildArray(field, numberOfPoints);
             final T[] adaptedWeights = MathArrays.buildArray(field, numberOfPoints);
 
             for (int i = 0; i < numberOfPoints; i++) {
                 adaptedPoints[i] = zero.newInstance(nodePoints[i]);
                 adaptedWeights[i] = zero.newInstance(nodeWeights[i]);
             }
 
             transform(adaptedPoints, adaptedWeights, lowerBound, upperBound);
             return basicIntegrate(f, adaptedPoints, adaptedWeights, field);
         }
 
         /**
          * Performs a change of variable so that the integration can be performed on an
          * arbitrary interval {@code [a, b]}.
          * <p>
          * It is assumed that the natural interval is {@code [-1, 1]}.
          * </p>
          *
          * @param points  Points to adapt to the new interval.
          * @param weights Weights to adapt to the new interval.
          * @param a       Lower bound of the integration interval.
          * @param b       Lower bound of the integration interval.
          */
         private void transform(final double[] points, final double[] weights, final double a, final double b) {
             // Scaling
             final double scale = (b - a) / 2;
             final double shift = a + scale;
             for (int i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
                 points[i] = points[i] * scale + shift;
                 weights[i] *= scale;
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Performs a change of variable so that the integration can be performed on an
          * arbitrary interval {@code [a, b]}.
          * <p>
          * It is assumed that the natural interval is {@code [-1, 1]}.
          * </p>
          * @param <T>     the type of the field elements
          * @param points  Points to adapt to the new interval.
          * @param weights Weights to adapt to the new interval.
          * @param a       Lower bound of the integration interval.
          * @param b       Lower bound of the integration interval
          */
         private <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> void transform(final T[] points, final T[] weights, final T a,
                 final T b) {
             // Scaling
             final T scale = (b.subtract(a)).divide(2.);
             final T shift = a.add(scale);
             for (int i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
                 points[i] = scale.multiply(points[i]).add(shift);
                 weights[i] = scale.multiply(weights[i]);
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Returns an estimate of the integral of {@code f(x) * w(x)}, where {@code w}
          * is a weight function that depends on the actual flavor of the Gauss
          * integration scheme.
          *
          * @param f       Function to integrate.
          * @param points  Nodes.
          * @param weights Nodes weights.
          * @return the integral of the weighted function.
          */
         private double[] basicIntegrate(final UnivariateVectorFunction f, final double[] points,
                 final double[] weights) {
             double x = points[0];
             double w = weights[0];
             double[] v = f.value(x);
             final double[] y = new double[v.length];
             for (int j = 0; j < v.length; j++) {
                 y[j] = w * v[j];
             }
             final double[] t = y.clone();
             final double[] c = new double[v.length];
             final double[] s = t.clone();
             for (int i = 1; i < points.length; i++) {
                 x = points[i];
                 w = weights[i];
                 v = f.value(x);
                 for (int j = 0; j < v.length; j++) {
                     y[j] = w * v[j] - c[j];
                     t[j] = s[j] + y[j];
                     c[j] = (t[j] - s[j]) - y[j];
                     s[j] = t[j];
                 }
             }
             return s;
         }
 
         /**
          * Returns an estimate of the integral of {@code f(x) * w(x)}, where {@code w}
          * is a weight function that depends on the actual flavor of the Gauss
          * integration scheme.
          *
          * @param <T>     the type of the field elements.
          * @param f       Function to integrate.
          * @param points  Nodes.
          * @param weights Nodes weight
          * @param field   field utilized by default
          * @return the integral of the weighted function.
          */
         private <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T[] basicIntegrate(final CalculusFieldUnivariateVectorFunction<T> f,
                 final T[] points, final T[] weights, final Field<T> field) {
 
             T x = points[0];
             T w = weights[0];
             T[] v = f.value(x);
 
             final T[] y = MathArrays.buildArray(field, v.length);
             for (int j = 0; j < v.length; j++) {
                 y[j] = v[j].multiply(w);
             }
             final T[] t = y.clone();
             final T[] c = MathArrays.buildArray(field, v.length);
             final T[] s = t.clone();
             for (int i = 1; i < points.length; i++) {
                 x = points[i];
                 w = weights[i];
                 v = f.value(x);
                 for (int j = 0; j < v.length; j++) {
                     y[j] = v[j].multiply(w).subtract(c[j]);
                     t[j] = y[j].add(s[j]);
                     c[j] = (t[j].subtract(s[j])).subtract(y[j]);
                     s[j] = t[j];
                 }
             }
             return s;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * Compute the C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and the S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
      * coefficients.
      * <p>
      * Those coefficients are given in Danielson paper by expression 4.4-(6)
      * </p>
      * @author Petre Bazavan
      * @author Lucian Barbulescu
      */
     protected class FourierCjSjCoefficients {
 
         /** Maximum possible value for j. */
         private final int jMax;
 
         /**
          * The C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * the index i corresponds to the following elements: <br/>
          * - 0 for a <br>
          * - 1 for k <br>
          * - 2 for h <br>
          * - 3 for q <br>
          * - 4 for p <br>
          * - 5 for λ <br>
          * </p>
          */
         private final double[][] cCoef;
 
         /**
          * The C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * the index i corresponds to the following elements: <br/>
          * - 0 for a <br>
          * - 1 for k <br>
          * - 2 for h <br>
          * - 3 for q <br>
          * - 4 for p <br>
          * - 5 for λ <br>
          * </p>
          */
         private final double[][] sCoef;
 
         /**
          * Standard constructor.
          * @param state             the current state
          * @param jMax              maximum value for j
          * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
          * @param parameters        list of parameter values at state date for each driver
          * of the force model parameters (1 value per parameter)
          */
         FourierCjSjCoefficients(final SpacecraftState state, final int jMax, final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements,
                 final double[] parameters) {
 
             // Initialise the fields
             this.jMax = jMax;
 
             // Allocate the arrays
             final int rows = jMax + 1;
             cCoef = new double[rows][6];
             sCoef = new double[rows][6];
 
             // Compute the coefficients
             computeCoefficients(state, auxiliaryElements, parameters);
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute the Fourrier coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
          * need to be computed as D<sub>i</sub><sup>m</sup> is always 0.
          * </p>
          * @param state             the current state
          * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
          * @param parameters        list of parameter values at state date for each driver
          * of the force model parameters (1 value per parameter)
          */
         private void computeCoefficients(final SpacecraftState state, final AuxiliaryElements auxiliaryElements,
                 final double[] parameters) {
 
             // Computes the limits for the integral
             final double[] ll = getLLimits(state, auxiliaryElements);
             // Computes integrated mean element rates if Llow < Lhigh
             if (ll[0] < ll[1]) {
                 // Compute 1 / PI
                 final double ooPI = 1 / FastMath.PI;
 
                 // loop through all values of j
                 for (int j = 0; j <= jMax; j++) {
                     final double[] curentCoefficients = integrator
                             .integrate(new IntegrableFunction(state, false, j, parameters), ll[0], ll[1]);
 
                     // divide by PI and set the values for the coefficients
                     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                         cCoef[j][i] = ooPI * curentCoefficients[i];
                         sCoef[j][i] = ooPI * curentCoefficients[i + 6];
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * @param i i index - corresponds to the required variation
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          */
         public double getCij(final int i, final int j) {
             return cCoef[j][i];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * @param i i index - corresponds to the required variation
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          */
         public double getSij(final int i, final int j) {
             return sCoef[j][i];
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Compute the C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and the S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
      * coefficients with field elements.
      * <p>
      * Those coefficients are given in Danielson paper by expression 4.4-(6)
      * </p>
      * @author Petre Bazavan
      * @author Lucian Barbulescu
      * @param <T> type of the field elements
      */
     protected class FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> {
 
         /** Maximum possible value for j. */
         private final int jMax;
 
         /**
          * The C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * the index i corresponds to the following elements: <br/>
          * - 0 for a <br>
          * - 1 for k <br>
          * - 2 for h <br>
          * - 3 for q <br>
          * - 4 for p <br>
          * - 5 for λ <br>
          * </p>
          */
         private final T[][] cCoef;
 
         /**
          * The C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * the index i corresponds to the following elements: <br/>
          * - 0 for a <br>
          * - 1 for k <br>
          * - 2 for h <br>
          * - 3 for q <br>
          * - 4 for p <br>
          * - 5 for λ <br>
          * </p>
          */
         private final T[][] sCoef;
 
         /**
          * Standard constructor.
          * @param state             the current state
          * @param jMax              maximum value for j
          * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
          * @param parameters        values of the force model parameters
          * @param field             field used by default
          */
         FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state, final int jMax,
                 final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements, final T[] parameters, final Field<T> field) {
             // Initialise the fields
             this.jMax = jMax;
 
             // Allocate the arrays
             final int rows = jMax + 1;
             cCoef = MathArrays.buildArray(field, rows, 6);
             sCoef = MathArrays.buildArray(field, rows, 6);
 
             // Compute the coefficients
             computeCoefficients(state, auxiliaryElements, parameters, field);
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute the Fourrier coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
          * need to be computed as D<sub>i</sub><sup>m</sup> is always 0.
          * </p>
          * @param state             the current state
          * @param auxiliaryElements auxiliary elements related to the current orbit
          * @param parameters        values of the force model parameters
          * @param field             field used by default
          */
         private void computeCoefficients(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state,
                 final FieldAuxiliaryElements<T> auxiliaryElements, final T[] parameters, final Field<T> field) {
             // Zero
             final T zero = field.getZero();
             // Computes the limits for the integral
             final T[] ll = getLLimits(state, auxiliaryElements);
             // Computes integrated mean element rates if Llow < Lhigh
             if (ll[0].getReal() < ll[1].getReal()) {
                 // Compute 1 / PI
                 final T ooPI = zero.getPi().reciprocal();
 
                 // loop through all values of j
                 for (int j = 0; j <= jMax; j++) {
                     final T[] curentCoefficients = integrator.integrate(
                             new FieldIntegrableFunction<>(state, false, j, parameters, field), ll[0], ll[1], field);
 
                     // divide by PI and set the values for the coefficients
                     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                         cCoef[j][i] = curentCoefficients[i].multiply(ooPI);
                         sCoef[j][i] = curentCoefficients[i + 6].multiply(ooPI);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * @param i i index - corresponds to the required variation
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          */
         public T getCij(final int i, final int j) {
             return cCoef[j][i];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * @param i i index - corresponds to the required variation
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          */
         public T getSij(final int i, final int j) {
             return sCoef[j][i];
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This class handles the short periodic coefficients described in Danielson
      * 2.5.3-26.
      *
      * <p>
      * The value of M is 0. Also, since the values of the Fourier coefficient
      * D<sub>i</sub><sup>m</sup> is 0 then the values of the coefficients
      * D<sub>i</sub><sup>m</sup> for m &gt; 2 are also 0.
      * </p>
      * @author Petre Bazavan
      * @author Lucian Barbulescu
      *
      */
     protected static class GaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients implements ShortPeriodTerms {
 
         /** Maximum value for j index. */
         private final int jMax;
 
         /** Number of points used in the interpolation process. */
         private final int interpolationPoints;
 
         /** Prefix for coefficients keys. */
         private final String coefficientsKeyPrefix;
 
         /** All coefficients slots. */
         private final transient TimeSpanMap<Slot> slots;
 
         /**
          * Constructor.
          * @param coefficientsKeyPrefix prefix for coefficients keys
          * @param jMax                  maximum value for j index
          * @param interpolationPoints   number of points used in the interpolation
          *                              process
          * @param slots                 all coefficients slots
          */
         GaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients(final String coefficientsKeyPrefix, final int jMax,
                 final int interpolationPoints, final TimeSpanMap<Slot> slots) {
             // Initialize fields
             this.jMax = jMax;
             this.interpolationPoints = interpolationPoints;
             this.coefficientsKeyPrefix = coefficientsKeyPrefix;
             this.slots = slots;
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the slot valid for some date.
          * @param meanStates mean states defining the slot
          * @return slot valid at the specified date
          */
         public Slot createSlot(final SpacecraftState... meanStates) {
             final Slot slot = new Slot(jMax, interpolationPoints);
             final AbsoluteDate first = meanStates[0].getDate();
             final AbsoluteDate last = meanStates[meanStates.length - 1].getDate();
             final int compare = first.compareTo(last);
             if (compare < 0) {
                 slots.addValidAfter(slot, first, false);
             } else if (compare > 0) {
                 slots.addValidBefore(slot, first, false);
             } else {
                 // single date, valid for all time
                 slots.addValidAfter(slot, AbsoluteDate.PAST_INFINITY, false);
             }
             return slot;
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute the short periodic coefficients.
          *
          * @param state       current state information: date, kinematics, attitude
          * @param slot        coefficients slot
          * @param fourierCjSj Fourier coefficients
          * @param uijvij      U and V coefficients
          * @param n           Keplerian mean motion
          * @param a           semi major axis
          */
         private void computeCoefficients(final SpacecraftState state, final Slot slot,
                 final FourierCjSjCoefficients fourierCjSj, final UijVijCoefficients uijvij, final double n,
                 final double a) {
 
             // get the current date
             final AbsoluteDate date = state.getDate();
 
             // compute the k₂⁰ coefficient
             final double k20 = computeK20(jMax, uijvij.currentRhoSigmaj);
 
             // 1. / n
             final double oon = 1. / n;
             // 3. / (2 * a * n)
             final double to2an = 1.5 * oon / a;
             // 3. / (4 * a * n)
             final double to4an = to2an / 2;
 
             // Compute the coefficients for each element
             final int size = jMax + 1;
             final double[] di1 = new double[6];
             final double[] di2 = new double[6];
             final double[][] currentCij = new double[size][6];
             final double[][] currentSij = new double[size][6];
             for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 
                 // compute D<sub>i</sub>¹ and D<sub>i</sub>² (all others are 0)
                 di1[i] = -oon * fourierCjSj.getCij(i, 0);
                 if (i == 5) {
                     di1[i] += to2an * uijvij.getU1(0, 0);
                 }
                 di2[i] = 0.;
                 if (i == 5) {
                     di2[i] += -to4an * fourierCjSj.getCij(0, 0);
                 }
 
                 // the C<sub>i</sub>⁰ is computed based on all others
                 currentCij[0][i] = -di2[i] * k20;
 
                 for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                     // compute the current C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
                     currentCij[j][i] = oon * uijvij.getU1(j, i);
                     if (i == 5) {
                         currentCij[j][i] += -to2an * uijvij.getU2(j);
                     }
                     currentSij[j][i] = oon * uijvij.getV1(j, i);
                     if (i == 5) {
                         currentSij[j][i] += -to2an * uijvij.getV2(j);
                     }
 
                     // add the computed coefficients to C<sub>i</sub>⁰
                     currentCij[0][i] -= currentCij[j][i] * uijvij.currentRhoSigmaj[0][j] +
                         currentSij[j][i] * uijvij.currentRhoSigmaj[1][j];
                 }
 
             }
 
             // add the values to the interpolators
             slot.cij[0].addGridPoint(date, currentCij[0]);
             slot.dij[1].addGridPoint(date, di1);
             slot.dij[2].addGridPoint(date, di2);
             for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 slot.cij[j].addGridPoint(date, currentCij[j]);
                 slot.sij[j].addGridPoint(date, currentSij[j]);
             }
 
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute the coefficient k₂⁰ by using the equation 2.5.3-(9a) from Danielson.
          * <p>
          * After inserting 2.5.3-(8) into 2.5.3-(9a) the result becomes:<br>
          * k₂⁰ = &Sigma;<sub>k=1</sub><sup>kMax</sup>[(2 / k²) * (σ<sub>k</sub>² +
          * ρ<sub>k</sub>²)]
          * </p>
          * @param kMax             max value fot k index
          * @param currentRhoSigmaj the current computed values for the ρ<sub>j</sub> and
          *                         σ<sub>j</sub> coefficients
          * @return the coefficient k₂⁰
          */
         private double computeK20(final int kMax, final double[][] currentRhoSigmaj) {
             double k20 = 0.;
 
             for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= kMax; kIndex++) {
                 // After inserting 2.5.3-(8) into 2.5.3-(9a) the result becomes:
                 // k₂⁰ = &Sigma;<sub>k=1</sub><sup>kMax</sup>[(2 / k²) * (σ<sub>k</sub>² +
                 // ρ<sub>k</sub>²)]
                 double currentTerm = currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex] +
                         currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex];
 
                 // multiply by 2 / k²
                 currentTerm *= 2. / (kIndex * kIndex);
 
                 // add the term to the result
                 k20 += currentTerm;
             }
 
             return k20;
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
         @Override
         public double[] value(final Orbit meanOrbit) {
 
             // select the coefficients slot
             final Slot slot = slots.get(meanOrbit.getDate());
 
             // Get the True longitude L
             final double L = meanOrbit.getLv();
 
             // Compute the center (l - λ)
             final double center = L - meanOrbit.getLM();
             // Compute (l - λ)²
             final double center2 = center * center;
 
             // Initialize short periodic variations
             final double[] shortPeriodicVariation = slot.cij[0].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
             final double[] d1 = slot.dij[1].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
             final double[] d2 = slot.dij[2].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
             for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                 shortPeriodicVariation[i] += center * d1[i] + center2 * d2[i];
             }
 
             for (int j = 1; j <= JMAX; j++) {
                 final double[] c = slot.cij[j].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
                 final double[] s = slot.sij[j].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
                 final SinCos sc  = FastMath.sinCos(j * L);
                 final double cos = sc.cos();
                 final double sin = sc.sin();
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // add corresponding term to the short periodic variation
                     shortPeriodicVariation[i] += c[i] * cos;
                     shortPeriodicVariation[i] += s[i] * sin;
                 }
             }
 
             return shortPeriodicVariation;
 
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
         public String getCoefficientsKeyPrefix() {
             return coefficientsKeyPrefix;
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * <p>
          * For Gaussian forces, there are JMAX cj coefficients, JMAX sj coefficients and
          * 3 dj coefficients. As JMAX = 12, this sums up to 27 coefficients. The j index
          * is the integer multiplier for the true longitude argument in the cj and sj
          * coefficients and to the degree in the polynomial dj coefficients.
          * </p>
          */
         @Override
         public Map<String, double[]> getCoefficients(final AbsoluteDate date, final Set<String> selected) {
 
             // select the coefficients slot
             final Slot slot = slots.get(date);
 
             final Map<String, double[]> coefficients = new HashMap<>(2 * JMAX + 3);
             storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.cij[0].value(date), "d", 0);
             storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.dij[1].value(date), "d", 1);
             storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.dij[2].value(date), "d", 2);
             for (int j = 1; j <= JMAX; j++) {
                 storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.cij[j].value(date), "c", j);
                 storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.sij[j].value(date), "s", j);
             }
 
             return coefficients;
 
         }
 
         /**
          * Put a coefficient in a map if selected.
          * @param map      map to populate
          * @param selected set of coefficients that should be put in the map (empty set
          *                 means all coefficients are selected)
          * @param value    coefficient value
          * @param id       coefficient identifier
          * @param indices  list of coefficient indices
          */
         private void storeIfSelected(final Map<String, double[]> map, final Set<String> selected, final double[] value,
                 final String id, final int... indices) {
             final StringBuilder keyBuilder = new StringBuilder(getCoefficientsKeyPrefix());
             keyBuilder.append(id);
             for (int index : indices) {
                 keyBuilder.append('[').append(index).append(']');
             }
             final String key = keyBuilder.toString();
             if (selected.isEmpty() || selected.contains(key)) {
                 map.put(key, value);
             }
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * This class handles the short periodic coefficients described in Danielson
      * 2.5.3-26.
      *
      * <p>
      * The value of M is 0. Also, since the values of the Fourier coefficient
      * D<sub>i</sub><sup>m</sup> is 0 then the values of the coefficients
      * D<sub>i</sub><sup>m</sup> for m &gt; 2 are also 0.
      * </p>
      * @author Petre Bazavan
      * @author Lucian Barbulescu
      * @param <T> type of the field elements
      */
     protected static class FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
             implements FieldShortPeriodTerms<T> {
 
         /** Maximum value for j index. */
         private final int jMax;
 
         /** Number of points used in the interpolation process. */
         private final int interpolationPoints;
 
         /** Prefix for coefficients keys. */
         private final String coefficientsKeyPrefix;
 
         /** All coefficients slots. */
         private final transient FieldTimeSpanMap<FieldSlot<T>, T> slots;
 
         /**
          * Constructor.
          * @param coefficientsKeyPrefix prefix for coefficients keys
          * @param jMax                  maximum value for j index
          * @param interpolationPoints   number of points used in the interpolation
          *                              process
          * @param slots                 all coefficients slots
          */
         FieldGaussianShortPeriodicCoefficients(final String coefficientsKeyPrefix, final int jMax,
                 final int interpolationPoints, final FieldTimeSpanMap<FieldSlot<T>, T> slots) {
             // Initialize fields
             this.jMax = jMax;
             this.interpolationPoints = interpolationPoints;
             this.coefficientsKeyPrefix = coefficientsKeyPrefix;
             this.slots = slots;
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the slot valid for some date.
          * @param meanStates mean states defining the slot
          * @return slot valid at the specified date
          */
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         public FieldSlot<T> createSlot(final FieldSpacecraftState<T>... meanStates) {
             final FieldSlot<T> slot = new FieldSlot<>(jMax, interpolationPoints);
             final FieldAbsoluteDate<T> first = meanStates[0].getDate();
             final FieldAbsoluteDate<T> last = meanStates[meanStates.length - 1].getDate();
             if (first.compareTo(last) <= 0) {
                 slots.addValidAfter(slot, first);
             } else {
                 slots.addValidBefore(slot, first);
             }
             return slot;
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute the short periodic coefficients.
          *
          * @param state       current state information: date, kinematics, attitude
          * @param slot        coefficients slot
          * @param fourierCjSj Fourier coefficients
          * @param uijvij      U and V coefficients
          * @param n           Keplerian mean motion
          * @param a           semi major axis
          * @param field       field used by default
          */
         private void computeCoefficients(final FieldSpacecraftState<T> state, final FieldSlot<T> slot,
                 final FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients<T> fourierCjSj, final FieldUijVijCoefficients<T> uijvij, final T n,
                 final T a, final Field<T> field) {
 
             // Zero
             final T zero = field.getZero();
 
             // get the current date
             final FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date = state.getDate();
 
             // compute the k₂⁰ coefficient
             final T k20 = computeK20(jMax, uijvij.currentRhoSigmaj, field);
 
             // 1. / n
             final T oon = n.reciprocal();
             // 3. / (2 * a * n)
             final T to2an = oon.multiply(1.5).divide(a);
             // 3. / (4 * a * n)
             final T to4an = to2an.divide(2.);
 
             // Compute the coefficients for each element
             final int size = jMax + 1;
             final T[] di1 = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 6);
             final T[] di2 = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 6);
             final T[][] currentCij = MathArrays.buildArray(field, size, 6);
             final T[][] currentSij = MathArrays.buildArray(field, size, 6);
             for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 
                 // compute D<sub>i</sub>¹ and D<sub>i</sub>² (all others are 0)
                 di1[i] = oon.negate().multiply(fourierCjSj.getCij(i, 0));
                 if (i == 5) {
                     di1[i] = di1[i].add(to2an.multiply(uijvij.getU1(0, 0)));
                 }
                 di2[i] = zero;
                 if (i == 5) {
                     di2[i] = di2[i].add(to4an.negate().multiply(fourierCjSj.getCij(0, 0)));
                 }
 
                 // the C<sub>i</sub>⁰ is computed based on all others
                 currentCij[0][i] = di2[i].negate().multiply(k20);
 
                 for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                     // compute the current C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
                     currentCij[j][i] = oon.multiply(uijvij.getU1(j, i));
                     if (i == 5) {
                         currentCij[j][i] = currentCij[j][i].add(to2an.negate().multiply(uijvij.getU2(j)));
                     }
                     currentSij[j][i] = oon.multiply(uijvij.getV1(j, i));
                     if (i == 5) {
                         currentSij[j][i] = currentSij[j][i].add(to2an.negate().multiply(uijvij.getV2(j)));
                     }
 
                     // add the computed coefficients to C<sub>i</sub>⁰
                     currentCij[0][i] = currentCij[0][i].add(currentCij[j][i].multiply(uijvij.currentRhoSigmaj[0][j])
                             .add(currentSij[j][i].multiply(uijvij.currentRhoSigmaj[1][j])).negate());
                 }
 
             }
 
             // add the values to the interpolators
             slot.cij[0].addGridPoint(date, currentCij[0]);
             slot.dij[1].addGridPoint(date, di1);
             slot.dij[2].addGridPoint(date, di2);
             for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 slot.cij[j].addGridPoint(date, currentCij[j]);
                 slot.sij[j].addGridPoint(date, currentSij[j]);
             }
 
         }
 
         /**
          * Compute the coefficient k₂⁰ by using the equation 2.5.3-(9a) from Danielson.
          * <p>
          * After inserting 2.5.3-(8) into 2.5.3-(9a) the result becomes:<br>
          * k₂⁰ = &Sigma;<sub>k=1</sub><sup>kMax</sup>[(2 / k²) * (σ<sub>k</sub>² +
          * ρ<sub>k</sub>²)]
          * </p>
          * @param kMax             max value fot k index
          * @param currentRhoSigmaj the current computed values for the ρ<sub>j</sub> and
          *                         σ<sub>j</sub> coefficients
          * @param field            field used by default
          * @return the coefficient k₂⁰
          */
         private T computeK20(final int kMax, final T[][] currentRhoSigmaj, final Field<T> field) {
             T k20 = field.getZero();
 
             for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= kMax; kIndex++) {
                 // After inserting 2.5.3-(8) into 2.5.3-(9a) the result becomes:
                 // k₂⁰ = &Sigma;<sub>k=1</sub><sup>kMax</sup>[(2 / k²) * (σ<sub>k</sub>² +
                 // ρ<sub>k</sub>²)]
                 T currentTerm = currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex])
                         .add(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex]));
 
                 // multiply by 2 / k²
                 currentTerm = currentTerm.multiply(2. / (kIndex * kIndex));
 
                 // add the term to the result
                 k20 = k20.add(currentTerm);
             }
 
             return k20;
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
         @Override
         public T[] value(final FieldOrbit<T> meanOrbit) {
 
             // select the coefficients slot
             final FieldSlot<T> slot = slots.get(meanOrbit.getDate());
 
             // Get the True longitude L
             final T L = meanOrbit.getLv();
 
             // Compute the center (l - λ)
             final T center = L.subtract(meanOrbit.getLM());
             // Compute (l - λ)²
             final T center2 = center.square();
 
             // Initialize short periodic variations
             final T[] shortPeriodicVariation = slot.cij[0].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
             final T[] d1 = slot.dij[1].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
             final T[] d2 = slot.dij[2].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
             for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                 shortPeriodicVariation[i] = shortPeriodicVariation[i]
                         .add(center.multiply(d1[i]).add(center2.multiply(d2[i])));
             }
 
             for (int j = 1; j <= JMAX; j++) {
                 final T[] c = slot.cij[j].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
                 final T[] s = slot.sij[j].value(meanOrbit.getDate());
                 final FieldSinCos<T> sc = FastMath.sinCos(L.multiply(j));
                 final T cos = sc.cos();
                 final T sin = sc.sin();
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // add corresponding term to the short periodic variation
                     shortPeriodicVariation[i] = shortPeriodicVariation[i].add(c[i].multiply(cos));
                     shortPeriodicVariation[i] = shortPeriodicVariation[i].add(s[i].multiply(sin));
                 }
             }
 
             return shortPeriodicVariation;
 
         }
 
         /** {@inheritDoc} */
         public String getCoefficientsKeyPrefix() {
             return coefficientsKeyPrefix;
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * <p>
          * For Gaussian forces, there are JMAX cj coefficients, JMAX sj coefficients and
          * 3 dj coefficients. As JMAX = 12, this sums up to 27 coefficients. The j index
          * is the integer multiplier for the true longitude argument in the cj and sj
          * coefficients and to the degree in the polynomial dj coefficients.
          * </p>
          */
         @Override
         public Map<String, T[]> getCoefficients(final FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date, final Set<String> selected) {
 
             // select the coefficients slot
             final FieldSlot<T> slot = slots.get(date);
 
             final Map<String, T[]> coefficients = new HashMap<>(2 * JMAX + 3);
             storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.cij[0].value(date), "d", 0);
             storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.dij[1].value(date), "d", 1);
             storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.dij[2].value(date), "d", 2);
             for (int j = 1; j <= JMAX; j++) {
                 storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.cij[j].value(date), "c", j);
                 storeIfSelected(coefficients, selected, slot.sij[j].value(date), "s", j);
             }
 
             return coefficients;
 
         }
 
         /**
          * Put a coefficient in a map if selected.
          * @param map      map to populate
          * @param selected set of coefficients that should be put in the map (empty set
          *                 means all coefficients are selected)
          * @param value    coefficient value
          * @param id       coefficient identifier
          * @param indices  list of coefficient indices
          */
         private void storeIfSelected(final Map<String, T[]> map, final Set<String> selected, final T[] value,
                 final String id, final int... indices) {
             final StringBuilder keyBuilder = new StringBuilder(getCoefficientsKeyPrefix());
             keyBuilder.append(id);
             for (int index : indices) {
                 keyBuilder.append('[').append(index).append(']');
             }
             final String key = keyBuilder.toString();
             if (selected.isEmpty() || selected.contains(key)) {
                 map.put(key, value);
             }
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * The U<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and V<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
      * described by equations 2.5.3-(21) and 2.5.3-(22) from Danielson.
      * <p>
      * The index i takes only the values 1 and 2<br>
      * For U only the index 0 for j is used.
      * </p>
      *
      * @author Petre Bazavan
      * @author Lucian Barbulescu
      */
     protected static class UijVijCoefficients {
 
         /**
          * The U₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * The first index identifies the Fourier coefficients used<br>
          * Those coefficients are computed for all Fourier C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and
          * S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup><br>
          * The only exception is when j = 0 when only the coefficient for fourier index
          * = 1 (i == 0) is needed.<br>
          * Also, for fourier index = 1 (i == 0), the coefficients up to 2 * jMax are
          * computed, because are required to compute the coefficients U₂<sup>j</sup>
          * </p>
          */
         private final double[][] u1ij;
 
         /**
          * The V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * The first index identifies the Fourier coefficients used<br>
          * Those coefficients are computed for all Fourier C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and
          * S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup><br>
          * for fourier index = 1 (i == 0), the coefficients up to 2 * jMax are computed,
          * because are required to compute the coefficients V₂<sup>j</sup>
          * </p>
          */
         private final double[][] v1ij;
 
         /**
          * The U₂<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the coefficients that use the Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) are computed as
          * they are the only ones required.
          * </p>
          */
         private final double[] u2ij;
 
         /**
          * The V₂<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the coefficients that use the Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) are computed as
          * they are the only ones required.
          * </p>
          */
         private final double[] v2ij;
 
         /**
          * The current computed values for the ρ<sub>j</sub> and σ<sub>j</sub>
          * coefficients.
          */
         private final double[][] currentRhoSigmaj;
 
         /**
          * The C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and the S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> Fourier
          * coefficients.
          */
         private final FourierCjSjCoefficients fourierCjSj;
 
         /** The maximum value for j index. */
         private final int jMax;
 
         /**
          * Constructor.
          * @param currentRhoSigmaj the current computed values for the ρ<sub>j</sub> and
          *                         σ<sub>j</sub> coefficients
          * @param fourierCjSj      the fourier coefficients C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          *                         and the S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          * @param jMax             maximum value for j index
          */
         UijVijCoefficients(final double[][] currentRhoSigmaj, final FourierCjSjCoefficients fourierCjSj,
                 final int jMax) {
             this.currentRhoSigmaj = currentRhoSigmaj;
             this.fourierCjSj = fourierCjSj;
             this.jMax = jMax;
 
             // initialize the internal arrays.
             this.u1ij = new double[6][2 * jMax + 1];
             this.v1ij = new double[6][2 * jMax + 1];
             this.u2ij = new double[jMax + 1];
             this.v2ij = new double[jMax + 1];
 
             // compute the coefficients
             computeU1V1Coefficients();
             computeU2V2Coefficients();
         }
 
         /** Build the U₁<sup>j</sup> and V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients. */
         private void computeU1V1Coefficients() {
             // generate the U₁<sup>j</sup> and V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients
             // for j >= 1
             // also the U₁⁰ for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) coefficient will be computed
             u1ij[0][0] = 0;
             for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 // compute 1 / j
                 final double ooj = 1. / j;
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // j is aready between 1 and J
                     u1ij[i][j] = fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j);
                     v1ij[i][j] = fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j);
 
                     // 1 - δ<sub>1j</sub> is 1 for all j > 1
                     if (j > 1) {
                         // k starts with 1 because j-J is less than or equal to 0
                         for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= j - 1; kIndex++) {
                             // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub> +
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub>
                             u1ij[i][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex] +
                                     fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex];
 
                             // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub> -
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub>
                             v1ij[i][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex] -
                                     fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex];
                         }
                     }
 
                     // since j must be between 1 and J-1 and is already between 1 and J
                     // the following sum is skiped only for j = jMax
                     if (j != jMax) {
                         for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= jMax - j; kIndex++) {
                             // -C<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub> +
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub>
                             u1ij[i][j] += -fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j + kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex] +
                                     fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j + kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex];
 
                             // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub> +
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub>
                             v1ij[i][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j + kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex] +
                                     fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j + kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex];
                         }
                     }
 
                     for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= jMax; kIndex++) {
                         // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub> -
                         // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub>
                         u1ij[i][j] += -fourierCjSj.getCij(i, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex] -
                                 fourierCjSj.getSij(i, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex];
 
                         // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub> +
                         // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub>
                         v1ij[i][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(i, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex] +
                                 fourierCjSj.getSij(i, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex];
                     }
 
                     // divide by 1 / j
                     u1ij[i][j] *= -ooj;
                     v1ij[i][j] *= ooj;
 
                     // if index = 1 (i == 0) add the computed terms to U₁⁰
                     if (i == 0) {
                         // - (U₁<sup>j</sup> * ρ<sub>j</sub> + V₁<sup>j</sup> * σ<sub>j</sub>
                         u1ij[0][0] += -u1ij[0][j] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j] - v1ij[0][j] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j];
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             // Terms with j > jMax are required only when computing the coefficients
             // U₂<sup>j</sup> and V₂<sup>j</sup>
             // and those coefficients are only required for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0).
             for (int j = jMax + 1; j <= 2 * jMax; j++) {
                 // compute 1 / j
                 final double ooj = 1. / j;
                 // the value of i is 0
                 u1ij[0][j] = 0.;
                 v1ij[0][j] = 0.;
 
                 // k starts from j-J as it is always greater than or equal to 1
                 for (int kIndex = j - jMax; kIndex <= j - 1; kIndex++) {
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub> +
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub>
                     u1ij[0][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(0, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex] +
                             fourierCjSj.getSij(0, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex];
 
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub> -
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub>
                     v1ij[0][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(0, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex] -
                             fourierCjSj.getSij(0, j - kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex];
                 }
                 for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= jMax; kIndex++) {
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub> -
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub>
                     u1ij[0][j] += -fourierCjSj.getCij(0, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex] -
                             fourierCjSj.getSij(0, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex];
 
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub> +
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub>
                     v1ij[0][j] += fourierCjSj.getCij(0, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex] +
                             fourierCjSj.getSij(0, kIndex) * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex];
                 }
 
                 // divide by 1 / j
                 u1ij[0][j] *= -ooj;
                 v1ij[0][j] *= ooj;
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Build the U₁<sup>j</sup> and V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the coefficients for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) are required.
          * </p>
          */
         private void computeU2V2Coefficients() {
             for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 // compute 1 / j
                 final double ooj = 1. / j;
 
                 // only the values for i == 0 are computed
                 u2ij[j] = v1ij[0][j];
                 v2ij[j] = u1ij[0][j];
 
                 // 1 - δ<sub>1j</sub> is 1 for all j > 1
                 if (j > 1) {
                     for (int l = 1; l <= j - 1; l++) {
                         // U₁<sup>j-l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub> +
                         // V₁<sup>j-l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub>
                         u2ij[j] += u1ij[0][j - l] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][l] + v1ij[0][j - l] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][l];
 
                         // U₁<sup>j-l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub> -
                         // V₁<sup>j-l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub>
                         v2ij[j] += u1ij[0][j - l] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][l] - v1ij[0][j - l] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][l];
                     }
                 }
 
                 for (int l = 1; l <= jMax; l++) {
                     // -U₁<sup>j+l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub> +
                     // U₁<sup>l</sup> * σ<sub>j+l</sub> +
                     // V₁<sup>j+l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub> -
                     // V₁<sup>l</sup> * ρ<sub>j+l</sub>
                     u2ij[j] += -u1ij[0][j + l] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][l] + u1ij[0][l] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + l] +
                             v1ij[0][j + l] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][l] - v1ij[0][l] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + l];
 
                     // U₁<sup>j+l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub> +
                     // U₁<sup>l</sup> * ρ<sub>j+l</sub> +
                     // V₁<sup>j+l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub> +
                     // V₁<sup>l</sup> * σ<sub>j+l</sub>
                     u2ij[j] += u1ij[0][j + l] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][l] + u1ij[0][l] * currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + l] +
                             v1ij[0][j + l] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][l] + v1ij[0][l] * currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + l];
                 }
 
                 // divide by 1 / j
                 u2ij[j] *= -ooj;
                 v2ij[j] *= ooj;
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient U₁<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index i.
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @param i Fourier index (starts at 0)
          * @return the coefficient U₁<sup>j</sup> for the given Fourier index i
          */
         public double getU1(final int j, final int i) {
             return u1ij[i][j];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient V₁<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index i.
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @param i Fourier index (starts at 0)
          * @return the coefficient V₁<sup>j</sup> for the given Fourier index i
          */
         public double getV1(final int j, final int i) {
             return v1ij[i][j];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient U₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0).
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient U₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0)
          */
         public double getU2(final int j) {
             return u2ij[j];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient V₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0).
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient V₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0)
          */
         public double getV2(final int j) {
             return v2ij[j];
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * The U<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and V<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
      * described by equations 2.5.3-(21) and 2.5.3-(22) from Danielson.
      * <p>
      * The index i takes only the values 1 and 2<br>
      * For U only the index 0 for j is used.
      * </p>
      *
      * @author Petre Bazavan
      * @author Lucian Barbulescu
      * @param <T> type of the field elements
      */
     protected static class FieldUijVijCoefficients<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> {
 
         /**
          * The U₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * The first index identifies the Fourier coefficients used<br>
          * Those coefficients are computed for all Fourier C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and
          * S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup><br>
          * The only exception is when j = 0 when only the coefficient for fourier index
          * = 1 (i == 0) is needed.<br>
          * Also, for fourier index = 1 (i == 0), the coefficients up to 2 * jMax are
          * computed, because are required to compute the coefficients U₂<sup>j</sup>
          * </p>
          */
         private final T[][] u1ij;
 
         /**
          * The V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * The first index identifies the Fourier coefficients used<br>
          * Those coefficients are computed for all Fourier C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and
          * S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup><br>
          * for fourier index = 1 (i == 0), the coefficients up to 2 * jMax are computed,
          * because are required to compute the coefficients V₂<sup>j</sup>
          * </p>
          */
         private final T[][] v1ij;
 
         /**
          * The U₂<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the coefficients that use the Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) are computed as
          * they are the only ones required.
          * </p>
          */
         private final T[] u2ij;
 
         /**
          * The V₂<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the coefficients that use the Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) are computed as
          * they are the only ones required.
          * </p>
          */
         private final T[] v2ij;
 
         /**
          * The current computed values for the ρ<sub>j</sub> and σ<sub>j</sub>
          * coefficients.
          */
         private final T[][] currentRhoSigmaj;
 
         /**
          * The C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and the S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> Fourier
          * coefficients.
          */
         private final FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients<T> fourierCjSj;
 
         /** The maximum value for j index. */
         private final int jMax;
 
         /**
          * Constructor.
          * @param currentRhoSigmaj the current computed values for the ρ<sub>j</sub> and
          *                         σ<sub>j</sub> coefficients
          * @param fourierCjSj      the fourier coefficients C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          *                         and the S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>
          * @param jMax             maximum value for j index
          * @param field            field used by default
          */
         FieldUijVijCoefficients(final T[][] currentRhoSigmaj, final FieldFourierCjSjCoefficients<T> fourierCjSj,
                 final int jMax, final Field<T> field) {
             this.currentRhoSigmaj = currentRhoSigmaj;
             this.fourierCjSj = fourierCjSj;
             this.jMax = jMax;
 
             // initialize the internal arrays.
             this.u1ij = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 6, 2 * jMax + 1);
             this.v1ij = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 6, 2 * jMax + 1);
             this.u2ij = MathArrays.buildArray(field, jMax + 1);
             this.v2ij = MathArrays.buildArray(field, jMax + 1);
 
             // compute the coefficients
             computeU1V1Coefficients(field);
             computeU2V2Coefficients();
         }
 
         /**
          * Build the U₁<sup>j</sup> and V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * @param field field used by default
          */
         private void computeU1V1Coefficients(final Field<T> field) {
             // Zero
             final T zero = field.getZero();
 
             // generate the U₁<sup>j</sup> and V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients
             // for j >= 1
             // also the U₁⁰ for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) coefficient will be computed
             u1ij[0][0] = zero;
             for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 // compute 1 / j
                 final double ooj = 1. / j;
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                     // j is aready between 1 and J
                     u1ij[i][j] = fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j);
                     v1ij[i][j] = fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j);
 
                     // 1 - δ<sub>1j</sub> is 1 for all j > 1
                     if (j > 1) {
                         // k starts with 1 because j-J is less than or equal to 0
                         for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= j - 1; kIndex++) {
                             // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub> +
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub>
                             u1ij[i][j] = u1ij[i][j]
                                     .add(fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex]).add(
                                             fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex])));
 
                             // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub> -
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub>
                             v1ij[i][j] = v1ij[i][j].add(
                                     fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex]).subtract(
                                             fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex])));
                         }
                     }
 
                     // since j must be between 1 and J-1 and is already between 1 and J
                     // the following sum is skiped only for j = jMax
                     if (j != jMax) {
                         for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= jMax - j; kIndex++) {
                             // -C<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub> +
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub>
                             u1ij[i][j] = u1ij[i][j].add(fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j + kIndex).negate()
                                     .multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex])
                                     .add(fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j + kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex])));
 
                             // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub> +
                             // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j+k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub>
                             v1ij[i][j] = v1ij[i][j]
                                     .add(fourierCjSj.getCij(i, j + kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex]).add(
                                             fourierCjSj.getSij(i, j + kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex])));
                         }
                     }
 
                     for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= jMax; kIndex++) {
                         // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub> -
                         // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub>
                         u1ij[i][j] = u1ij[i][j].add(fourierCjSj.getCij(i, kIndex).negate()
                                 .multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex])
                                 .subtract(fourierCjSj.getSij(i, kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex])));
 
                         // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub> +
                         // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub>
                         v1ij[i][j] = v1ij[i][j]
                                 .add(fourierCjSj.getCij(i, kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex])
                                         .add(fourierCjSj.getSij(i, kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex])));
                     }
 
                     // divide by 1 / j
                     u1ij[i][j] = u1ij[i][j].multiply(-ooj);
                     v1ij[i][j] = v1ij[i][j].multiply(ooj);
 
                     // if index = 1 (i == 0) add the computed terms to U₁⁰
                     if (i == 0) {
                         // - (U₁<sup>j</sup> * ρ<sub>j</sub> + V₁<sup>j</sup> * σ<sub>j</sub>
                         u1ij[0][0] = u1ij[0][0].add(u1ij[0][j].negate().multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j])
                                 .subtract(v1ij[0][j].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j])));
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             // Terms with j > jMax are required only when computing the coefficients
             // U₂<sup>j</sup> and V₂<sup>j</sup>
             // and those coefficients are only required for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0).
             for (int j = jMax + 1; j <= 2 * jMax; j++) {
                 // compute 1 / j
                 final double ooj = 1. / j;
                 // the value of i is 0
                 u1ij[0][j] = zero;
                 v1ij[0][j] = zero;
 
                 // k starts from j-J as it is always greater than or equal to 1
                 for (int kIndex = j - jMax; kIndex <= j - 1; kIndex++) {
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub> +
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub>
                     u1ij[0][j] = u1ij[0][j].add(fourierCjSj.getCij(0, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex])
                             .add(fourierCjSj.getSij(0, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex])));
 
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * ρ<sub>k</sub> -
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>j-k</sup> * σ<sub>k</sub>
                     v1ij[0][j] = v1ij[0][j].add(fourierCjSj.getCij(0, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][kIndex])
                             .subtract(fourierCjSj.getSij(0, j - kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][kIndex])));
                 }
                 for (int kIndex = 1; kIndex <= jMax; kIndex++) {
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub> -
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub>
                     u1ij[0][j] = u1ij[0][j]
                             .add(fourierCjSj.getCij(0, kIndex).negate().multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex])
                                     .subtract(fourierCjSj.getSij(0, kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex])));
 
                     // C<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * ρ<sub>j+k</sub> +
                     // S<sub>i</sub><sup>k</sup> * σ<sub>j+k</sub>
                     v1ij[0][j] = v1ij[0][j].add(fourierCjSj.getCij(0, kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + kIndex])
                             .add(fourierCjSj.getSij(0, kIndex).multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + kIndex])));
                 }
 
                 // divide by 1 / j
                 u1ij[0][j] = u1ij[0][j].multiply(-ooj);
                 v1ij[0][j] = v1ij[0][j].multiply(ooj);
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Build the U₁<sup>j</sup> and V₁<sup>j</sup> coefficients.
          * <p>
          * Only the coefficients for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0) are required.
          * </p>
          */
         private void computeU2V2Coefficients() {
             for (int j = 1; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 // compute 1 / j
                 final double ooj = 1. / j;
 
                 // only the values for i == 0 are computed
                 u2ij[j] = v1ij[0][j];
                 v2ij[j] = u1ij[0][j];
 
                 // 1 - δ<sub>1j</sub> is 1 for all j > 1
                 if (j > 1) {
                     for (int l = 1; l <= j - 1; l++) {
                         // U₁<sup>j-l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub> +
                         // V₁<sup>j-l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub>
                         u2ij[j] = u2ij[j].add(u1ij[0][j - l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][l])
                                 .add(v1ij[0][j - l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][l])));
 
                         // U₁<sup>j-l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub> -
                         // V₁<sup>j-l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub>
                         v2ij[j] = v2ij[j].add(u1ij[0][j - l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][l])
                                 .subtract(v1ij[0][j - l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][l])));
                     }
                 }
 
                 for (int l = 1; l <= jMax; l++) {
                     // -U₁<sup>j+l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub> +
                     // U₁<sup>l</sup> * σ<sub>j+l</sub> +
                     // V₁<sup>j+l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub> -
                     // V₁<sup>l</sup> * ρ<sub>j+l</sub>
                     u2ij[j] = u2ij[j].add(u1ij[0][j + l].negate().multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][l])
                             .add(u1ij[0][l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + l]))
                             .add(v1ij[0][j + l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][l]))
                             .subtract(v1ij[0][l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + l])));
 
                     // U₁<sup>j+l</sup> * ρ<sub>l</sub> +
                     // U₁<sup>l</sup> * ρ<sub>j+l</sub> +
                     // V₁<sup>j+l</sup> * σ<sub>l</sub> +
                     // V₁<sup>l</sup> * σ<sub>j+l</sub>
                     u2ij[j] = u2ij[j].add(u1ij[0][j + l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][l])
                             .add(u1ij[0][l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[0][j + l]))
                             .add(v1ij[0][j + l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][l]))
                             .add(v1ij[0][l].multiply(currentRhoSigmaj[1][j + l])));
                 }
 
                 // divide by 1 / j
                 u2ij[j] = u2ij[j].multiply(-ooj);
                 v2ij[j] = v2ij[j].multiply(ooj);
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient U₁<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index i.
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @param i Fourier index (starts at 0)
          * @return the coefficient U₁<sup>j</sup> for the given Fourier index i
          */
         public T getU1(final int j, final int i) {
             return u1ij[i][j];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient V₁<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index i.
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @param i Fourier index (starts at 0)
          * @return the coefficient V₁<sup>j</sup> for the given Fourier index i
          */
         public T getV1(final int j, final int i) {
             return v1ij[i][j];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient U₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0).
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient U₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0)
          */
         public T getU2(final int j) {
             return u2ij[j];
         }
 
         /**
          * Get the coefficient V₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0).
          *
          * @param j j index
          * @return the coefficient V₂<sup>j</sup> for Fourier index = 1 (i == 0)
          */
         public T getV2(final int j) {
             return v2ij[j];
         }
     }
 
     /** Coefficients valid for one time slot. */
     protected static class Slot {
 
         /**
          * The coefficients D<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * <p>
          * Only for j = 1 and j = 2 the coefficients are not 0. <br>
          * i corresponds to the equinoctial element, as follows: - i=0 for a <br/>
          * - i=1 for k <br/>
          * - i=2 for h <br/>
          * - i=3 for q <br/>
          * - i=4 for p <br/>
          * - i=5 for λ <br/>
          * </p>
          */
         private final ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient[] dij;
 
         /**
          * The coefficients C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * <p>
          * The index order is cij[j][i] <br/>
          * i corresponds to the equinoctial element, as follows: <br/>
          * - i=0 for a <br/>
          * - i=1 for k <br/>
          * - i=2 for h <br/>
          * - i=3 for q <br/>
          * - i=4 for p <br/>
          * - i=5 for λ <br/>
          * </p>
          */
         private final ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient[] cij;
 
         /**
          * The coefficients S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * <p>
          * The index order is sij[j][i] <br/>
          * i corresponds to the equinoctial element, as follows: <br/>
          * - i=0 for a <br/>
          * - i=1 for k <br/>
          * - i=2 for h <br/>
          * - i=3 for q <br/>
          * - i=4 for p <br/>
          * - i=5 for λ <br/>
          * </p>
          */
         private final ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient[] sij;
 
         /**
          * Simple constructor.
          * @param jMax                maximum value for j index
          * @param interpolationPoints number of points used in the interpolation process
          */
         Slot(final int jMax, final int interpolationPoints) {
 
             dij = new ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient[3];
             cij = new ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient[jMax + 1];
             sij = new ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient[jMax + 1];
 
             // Initialize the C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>, S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and
             // D<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
             for (int j = 0; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 cij[j] = new ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient(interpolationPoints);
                 if (j > 0) {
                     sij[j] = new ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient(interpolationPoints);
                 }
                 // Initialize only the non-zero D<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
                 if (j == 1 || j == 2) {
                     dij[j] = new ShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient(interpolationPoints);
                 }
             }
 
         }
 
     }
 
     /** Coefficients valid for one time slot.
      * @param <T> type of the field elements
      */
     protected static class FieldSlot<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> {
 
         /**
          * The coefficients D<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * <p>
          * Only for j = 1 and j = 2 the coefficients are not 0. <br>
          * i corresponds to the equinoctial element, as follows: - i=0 for a <br/>
          * - i=1 for k <br/>
          * - i=2 for h <br/>
          * - i=3 for q <br/>
          * - i=4 for p <br/>
          * - i=5 for λ <br/>
          * </p>
          */
         private final FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<T>[] dij;
 
         /**
          * The coefficients C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * <p>
          * The index order is cij[j][i] <br/>
          * i corresponds to the equinoctial element, as follows: <br/>
          * - i=0 for a <br/>
          * - i=1 for k <br/>
          * - i=2 for h <br/>
          * - i=3 for q <br/>
          * - i=4 for p <br/>
          * - i=5 for λ <br/>
          * </p>
          */
         private final FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<T>[] cij;
 
         /**
          * The coefficients S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>.
          * <p>
          * The index order is sij[j][i] <br/>
          * i corresponds to the equinoctial element, as follows: <br/>
          * - i=0 for a <br/>
          * - i=1 for k <br/>
          * - i=2 for h <br/>
          * - i=3 for q <br/>
          * - i=4 for p <br/>
          * - i=5 for λ <br/>
          * </p>
          */
         private final FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<T>[] sij;
 
         /**
          * Simple constructor.
          * @param jMax                maximum value for j index
          * @param interpolationPoints number of points used in the interpolation process
          */
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         FieldSlot(final int jMax, final int interpolationPoints) {
 
             dij = (FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<T>[]) Array
                     .newInstance(FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient.class, 3);
             cij = (FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<T>[]) Array
                     .newInstance(FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient.class, jMax + 1);
             sij = (FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<T>[]) Array
                     .newInstance(FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient.class, jMax + 1);
 
             // Initialize the C<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup>, S<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> and
             // D<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
             for (int j = 0; j <= jMax; j++) {
                 cij[j] = new FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<>(interpolationPoints);
                 if (j > 0) {
                     sij[j] = new FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<>(interpolationPoints);
                 }
                 // Initialize only the non-zero D<sub>i</sub><sup>j</sup> coefficients
                 if (j == 1 || j == 2) {
                     dij[j] = new FieldShortPeriodicsInterpolatedCoefficient<>(interpolationPoints);
                 }
             }
 
         }
 
     }
 
 }